It's an important question, but a difficult one to answer. It should be inherent in everyone that you absolutely don't do these things that we have witnessed of late, yet there has to be some kind of protection afforded to memorials when actions go beyond what they should be.
The act identifies penalties. There could be a monetary penalty, but we have to understand what the value is of the penalties that are put in place. If a monetary penalty was a deterrent to such horrible actions, people would never get a second speeding ticket or parking ticket. Financial penalties are not always the answer. We have to take a look at other ways that we can bring justice to those who commit these acts.
Penalties are needed, unfortunately, but I don't know if it's the full answer.