Madam Speaker, the laws that we pass in Parliament govern our society, including the Conflict of Interest Act. We have specific rules to oversee such conflicts, along with disclosure mechanisms, compliance measures and the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics. The committee's mission is essential, and we must carry it out scrupulously, not complacently, to ensure that the state functions as it should.
Today, above and beyond legislation and procedures, we need to regain the public's trust. I sincerely believe that democracy is in crisis. Our institutions, the very foundations of our democracy, are being challenged every day. What always strikes me when I travel from one region to another is that a growing number of people thank me for coming to visit them, saying it is so kind of me. They treat us like an elite class. They call us government people. The people think we are completely out of touch, that we become a class of our own as soon as we become politicians. I think that is a serious mistake.
Many of my friends ask me questions when they see me. We spend our weekdays here in Parliament but go back to our communities on weekends. People tell me it is great that I am in Parliament. I always tell them that an MP's main purpose is to serve the people. We are here to serve. We are not here to rule the world; we are here to represent our constituents. We are not here to impose our will; we are here to understand. Regardless of the level of government, whether federal, provincial or municipal, elected officials are first and foremost here to serve the people.
I would like to take a few seconds to congratulate everyone running in the Quebec municipal elections. It is truly admirable to serve the public, and I believe it is important to remember that we are here for them. Democracy is not a perfect system, but it is a system that allows every citizen, if they so desire, to become informed, which is the first step. It also allows them to vote, which we all hope they will do, and to run for office, if they have convictions and want to make a difference. This means putting their face on a poster, standing up for their beliefs and getting elected.
The current situation is rather worrisome. People are completely disillusioned. Today, a journalist invited to appear before the committee said that we are in the midst of a democratic crisis. He sees this on a daily basis when he talks to people. No one seems to believe in democracy anymore. People often lose confidence because of scandals. It seems as though politicians are willing to try every trick in the book to slip through the cracks in the system.
This democratic crisis is very important. We must remember that the first thing to do in any crisis is to fix as many things as possible. The first step is to correct as much as possible to ensure that nothing can possibly be overlooked. The second thing to do relates to transparency. I am not the one who came up with this. All anyone needs to do is go to any university that teaches crisis management. They will say that the first thing to do is make as many corrections as possible and then demonstrate transparency. It is really important to correct the situation as much as possible and then regain the public's trust. That is exactly what the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics is for. Its mission is to ensure that politicians, regardless of their political affiliation, are accountable. The committee provides rigorous oversight to ensure that the interests of Canadians always come first.
I made an observation during recent committee meetings. We welcomed some exceptional guests: the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner, the Commissioner of Lobbying, the Information Commissioner, as well as many journalists, researchers, and lawyers. They all came to speak to us. The commissioners, who are instruments of the state working within the system, have, without exception, said two things: First, they are underfunded, and second, they do not have enough power to make decisions and exercise control over the state. I find this compelling because it means that, although processes have been put in place, the commissioners are not being given enough power and funding to do their job.
Worse still, several told us that they often file access to information requests that are delayed or ignored by the government. They have to fight with the government to gain access to information that they should normally have access to, even though they are the regulators. The Information Commissioner has also told us that one-third of requests exceed the prescribed deadlines and that, in many cases, the documents are even destroyed. This does nothing to help the public's perception of our institutions. I truly believe that a lack of accountability is a factor here.
The lack of real consequences is another problem. That is something else we have heard. Commissioners do not have enough clout to enforce the rules. They tell us that it is hard to believe in the stringency of a system when those who violate a law such as the Conflict of Interest Act receive a maximum fine of $500. That is absurd. People have to pay $500 when they break the rules of a system that is supposed to represent the people, even though they could potentially influence important decisions and benefit to the tune of millions of dollars. That $500 seems like a pretty paltry sum to me. It is practically just an administrative formality, really. They get a slap on the wrist and carry on. That is why we see scandals happening year after year, government after government.
We heard this kind of testimony regularly. It was not always about a scandal, but it was about the fact that commissioners have a hard time accessing information and doing their job.
The current Prime Minister's conflict of interest is a rather unusual case. I think that we should treat it as a first, and any first requires some adjustments. I think it is important to recognize that because, for one of the first times in history, we have a prime minister with a rather unique background taking office at a very critical time.
The Prime Minister has a potential conflict of interest with regard to 109 companies that are part of the Brookfield fund, which owns more than 900 companies and is worth billions of dollars. That raises a question. For one of the first times in history, this number is significant. Is our structure able to effectively manage so much information? In committee, we were told that it would take a full-time team to review the 109 companies that are in a potential conflict of interest and to determine what the ramifications are. In the end, two people were assigned this task and they report directly to the Prime Minister.
I think that this is a decision that we, as a society, should question. We are often asked whether there is a challenge function and whether there might be the appearance of a conflict of interest. Without pointing any fingers or casting aspersions on anyone, I believe that we still need to make laws that focus on prevention rather than always looking for a cure after the fact. I often say that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure because that is my motto when it comes to health. I think that also applies to the public service as a whole and to all of our decision-makers.
The two highest ranking public servants, who work on more than just this, are the ones who have to decide, at a time, right now, when we desperately need to improve the country's economy. We have to act fast and meet needs. How quickly we manage this information hinges on two people. They are the ones who make the all decisions in potential conflict of interest cases. I think that is a mistake. We need to change that. This crisis of public trust is a product of these flawed mechanisms, ill-suited at best to the current reality. I think it is important that we make changes in this regard.
The Prime Minister holds the reins of a country whose democratic foundations have been shaken to the core. He recently travelled to New York and London to meet with people. The Information Commissioner told us that access to these records and information about who he met with, when, how and why was needed. Again, nothing has been done. I believe that this, too, erodes public trust.
I think we need to get back to what true ethics are all about. It is not about getting bogged down in minutiae. It is not about seizing on little details. It is not about trying to think like a lawyer and judge what a person has the right to do. Instead, we need to go back to the root of the word “ethos”, in other words, moral correctness. It is the right thing to do. I think we need to return to fundamental ethics, which means morality before strategy, transparency before political games.
To wrap up, I think we still need to ask ourselves some questions. Is our system adapted to the reality of a Prime Minister who comes from the world of international finance? Can we react fast enough? Can our institutions keep up with the current economic climate with a Prime Minister who wants to make very quick decisions that could benefit him? I want to reiterate that I said “could”. However, we have to be able to be sure of that. Do we need to review our practices because it is better to prevent than to cure?
I think it is very important that we analyze this thoroughly. The motion before the House today must be adopted so that we can get answers to our questions.