Mr. Speaker, I rise to address the House on Bill C-36, the Split Lake Cree First Nation Flooded Land Act. I am pleased to have the opportunity to speak to this bill. I want to commend my colleague, the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, for introducing this legislation to the House.
My hon. colleague spoke briefly about the history behind Bill C-36. I would like to expand on that because I think it is important for this House to understand how the northern flood agreement impacted on the five bands in the area.
During the late 1960s and into the 1970s a number of projects were undertaken to divert the Churchill River in northern Manitoba to increase water flows to hydro stations on the Nelson River. These hydro stations were part of a scheme to support economic growth and development in the province. Indeed they have served their purpose and served it well.
Today the generating stations on the Nelson River are making an important contribution to the Manitoba economy. But a price has been paid and once again, as has been the case all too often in the past, too much of the price was paid by aboriginal people, our aboriginal people in Manitoba.
The Churchill River diversion projects flooded more than 4,800 hectares of Indian reserve lands. This flooding deprived many aboriginal communities of their traditional fishing, gathering, hunting and trapping areas. The flooding also disrupted or destroyed traditional water transportation routes and shoreline access points. In many cases personal property and community infrastructure were damaged or destroyed.
Five First Nations were affected by the flooding: Split Lake, Cross Lake, Nelson House, Norway House, and York Factory. Although these bands lost the benefits of flooded or damaged lands and resources that had supported them for many generations, they received few jobs or other benefits from these hydro projects.
Action to compensate the affected bands was finally taken in 1977 when the northern flood agreement was signed by the governments of Canada and Manitoba, Manitoba Hydro, and a committee representing the five bands. In addition to cash compensation this agreement contained provisions for land management, resource development, community infrastructure,
navigation, and so on. It also provided for the appointment of an arbitrator to deal with claims arising under the agreement.
The implementation of this agreement has been rife with problems and created considerable difficulties for those aboriginal people involved in this process. It is safe to say that most parties had different expectations of the agreement. Few of these expectations have been fully met. Because of the vague wording on certain issues such as additions to reserve lands, employment of band members on the hydro projects, implementation costs and environmental monitoring could not be resolved.
When it became clear that the northern flood agreement was not properly addressing these issues the five First Nations began of course to explore other options. This led to the negotiation of a proposed basis of settlement which has paved the way for band specific negotiations on the outstanding issues. Such an agreement was signed with the Split Lake Cree in June of 1992.
This agreement is important to all parties. It addresses the outstanding obligations of the governments and Manitoba Hydro in this instance to the Split Lake Cree Band. It provides for additional compensation and, in doing so, releases the federal government from any further claims. Equally as important, it provides the people of the Split Lake Cree First Nation with the means and resources to take control of their own future.
For example, this agreement ensures that the Split Lake Cree will have a more substantial and secure land base with which to pursue economic development. Over time the band will receive permits and fee simple title to more than 1,000 hectares of land throughout its traditional hunting grounds. As well, two new reserves will be established and a 46,000 square kilometre area will be co-managed by the band and the province of Manitoba.
This agreement also provides for the establishment of a band controlled environmental monitoring agency. It gives the Split Lake Cree a strong voice in how their compensation moneys will be managed.
For the information of hon. members, these moneys will be used to support economic and social development, to compensate the Split Lake Cree for the adverse effects of the flooding on their natural resource base and to remunerate the band and its members for damage to property and infrastructure.
I want to assure hon. members that Bill C-36 in no way expands or diminishes the commitments made in this settlement agreement. It follows through on some of the provisions of this agreement.
Let me reiterate what this bill sets out to do. It ensures that money under the Split Lake Cree First Nation agreement will not be considered Indian moneys and it will therefore be administered on its behalf by a trustee and not the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. I want to assure the hon. member from the Reform Party that standard accounting practices will be adhered to I am sure by the band.
It is ensures that provincial crown lands provided in fee simple title will not become a special reserve under the Indian Act. It provides that any specific adjudication process that is set out in this band specific settlement agreement will take precedence over the processes set out in the northern flood agreement. It ensures that the Government of Canada can utilize the Manitoba Arbitration Act as do the other three parties in the northern flood agreement.
I also want to remind hon. members that Bill C-36 will apply only to the Split Lake Cree Band. This is an important feature. It will not apply to the other northern flood agreement First Nations which have not yet negotiated band specific settlement agreements, and we wish to respect that.
As the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development has said, the province of Manitoba is currently preparing companion legislation based on Bill C-36. This provincial legislation will further protect the interests of the Split Lake Cree First Nation.
I want to thank the minister for confirming that consultations have been undertaken with the affected First Nation, with the provincial government and with Manitoba Hydro. This has resulted in a clear and concise bill that has the support of all parties to the Split Lake Cree settlement agreement.
Finally, I want to join my hon. colleagues, the minister of Indian affairs and the parliamentary secretary to the minister, in urging quick approval of this bill. It will put into place the final elements of the implementation process for the Split Lake Cree agreement. It will demonstrate to the Split Lake Cree Nation, to First Nations across Canada and to all Canadians that this government is committed to implementing its lawful obligations to the aboriginal people of Canada.