Public Safety committee  Those are some excellent points. There have been some great deradicalization programs used in Canada and abroad to deal with a variety of those radicalized in different ways. Sometimes it's religiously based radicalization. Just like in the criminal justice system, our system of justice has to be able to identify those who can be deradicalized and those who cannot.

Public Safety committee  One of the recommendations we've made in the past with respect to online hate as well is a trusted flagger program, so that organizations can have the ability to perhaps flag certain issues when they are racist or hateful. It's a great frustration for anyone interested in making the Internet a safer space, because it's impossible to get through to any of these platforms.

Public Safety committee  I do—

Public Safety committee  We both do, and that is how it's felt generally within the Jewish community. As a community, we've been complaining for years that if this is allowed on campus, if you are allowed to discriminate and if universities are not enforcing their own policies to protect their students, their faculty and their administration, then eventually we will see spillover into general society.

Public Safety committee  Also, implement IHRA—

Public Safety committee  Sure. Thank you very much. This is absolutely something of great concern to the Jewish community, and certainly to Jewish students on campus, also to their parents. Nobody should have to go on a university campus and deal with issues other than getting a great education here in Canada, but unfortunately Jewish students are regularly made to feel unsafe on campus in various ways.

Public Safety committee  Thank you very much. My name is Michael Mostyn. I'm the chief executive officer for B'nai Brith. I'll be sharing my time with Marvin Rotrand, our national director of the league. B'nai Brith is Canada's oldest grassroots Jewish community organization dedicated to eradicating racism, anti-Semitism and hatred in all of its forms, championing the rights of the marginalized while providing basic human needs for members of our community.

Public Safety committee  We're in dialogue with them. I would be happy to provide some further information to you about that.

Public Safety committee  B'nai Brith is very supportive of that initiative, and we look forward to working more closely with them. I think they should engage with many civil society groups. You're right that it's the other side of the coin when you're talking about prevention. That has to be taken care of in addition to, obviously—

Public Safety committee  Obviously those are very strong threats. There are other threats. Radicalization just doesn't take place online. It does take place via individuals, even here in Canada. That's why with the lack of prosecutions there is also a lack of cases going up the way from police forces. The real question is, how do we deal with that?

Public Safety committee  As Mr. Matas stated earlier, I don't think any law, no matter how it's worded, is going to protect Canadians. It's how it's interpreted. At the end of the day, it's about the training and education of our law enforcement agencies. It's how they work together and how they work with their international partners.

Public Safety committee  Terrorism has to come from a place of hate for any individual to go out and perform such heinous, murderous violence. There has to be seething hatred inside of them, and that's a pathway. Sometimes it can happen very quickly. Sometimes it can get extended out. However, there are going to be various moments in time—trigger points, and influencers of individuals.

Public Safety committee  If I could just add to that, we need to ensure that conceptually there is no narrowing, so that our security agencies can properly deal with the threats of terrorism today and the threats of terrorism that exist tomorrow. On the Justice Canada website right now, in a description of Bill C-51 discussing the criminalization of the advocacy or promotion of terrorism offences in general, it states that: It is directed at prohibiting the active encouragement of the commission of terrorism offences and not mere expressions of opinion about the acceptability of terrorism.

Public Safety committee  That's correct.

Public Safety committee  Thank you very much for the question. I think it's a very important question. It points to how interrelated some of these hatreds are, and that are actually a pathway towards radicalization, and terrorism in certain cases. As you mentioned, there is something of a resurgence within the extreme right, the neo-Nazi movement.