Citizenship and Immigration committee  I think you could start with even local law enforcement. I have seen and know of senior law enforcement officials who have been very active in engaging diverse communities. As opposed to waiting for these communities to come and talk to us, we should be going to them and talking to them, saying, “Tell us a little bit about your part of the world.”

Citizenship and Immigration committee  You could say this of government and many other sectors: we suffer from institutional silos. There are both institutional barriers and there are cultural barriers. There's plenty of information that I think you can find on this in numerous research studies, that certain departments have traditionally not worked well together because there's a cultural base.

Citizenship and Immigration committee  That's a long question. I'll try to give a short response. There's both the technological side and the human side to this. For example, you can have the absolute greatest technological solution, but if you have someone, say, from this committee walk to a computer and plug in a USB key with a piece of malicious code, you have just compromised the entire system.

Citizenship and Immigration committee  We are attacked daily by a cyber threat. We need the technological solution and we need a human solution.

Citizenship and Immigration committee  Sure. My concern when all different types of information are conglomerated...as I mentioned, you have differing levels of security protocol. I gave one example, that the one issue of admissibility crosses a whole level of different departments. All of these departments have differing levels of security in what they use on their internal protocols.

Citizenship and Immigration committee  Okay. I only want to say that we need to ensure that that information is also protected, because there have been cases to show that even electronic documents can be forged and can be manipulated.

Citizenship and Immigration committee  Welcome.

Citizenship and Immigration committee  I think you mentioned in there, to use as a departure point, that biometrics should not be used as a collection point. To echo the Admiral's thoughts, it's more of a verification process. We need to know more about people before they actually show up at our borders. There's been a little chat right now about HUMINT, and HUMINT is not necessarily, again to quote the Admiral, the James Bond type of situation.

Citizenship and Immigration committee  We had arranged for 10 minutes combined.

Citizenship and Immigration committee  I'm going to tee it up, and then my partner is going to take over.

Citizenship and Immigration committee  Thank you. We thank the vice-chair and the members of the committee for inviting us to appear before you once again. My name is George Platsis. I am a program director with the Centre of Excellence in Security, Resilience, and Intelligence at the Schulich School of Business at York University in Toronto.