Status of Women committee  This work is led through our research and evaluation branch. We have a dedicated section in the policy side of the department that works very closely with Statistics Canada with respect to the collection and use of that data. We have an internal data warehouse. We also share that information, and have memorandums of understanding, with Statistics Canada.

Status of Women committee  I would answer that question in a couple of ways. The research and evaluation branch has done a number of studies both internally and in collaboration with, for instance, Statistics Canada. In May 2015 a study was done by StatsCan, which worked with us on the labour market outcomes of immigrant women who arrive as dependents of economic principal applicants.

Status of Women committee  Yes. One really resonated for me as I was preparing for today, having conversations with my colleagues, and looking at the data we collect with respect to our temporary resident business line. These are individuals who want to come to Canada as visitors, as students, or as workers.

Status of Women committee  That's a great question. I don't think that it's a downside, but I would say that we could continue to think through ways that we can present more robust outcome data in the context of that report to Parliament. We have been, I think, very successful at presenting what I'm going to call output and activities-based data, including with respect to admissions, which is critically important, and this has done a lot to advance our thinking, but I think the next step is to have a much better understanding of the outcomes that we're achieving with respect to bringing immigrants to this country and how successful they are.

Status of Women committee  I believe, based on our experience, that the action plan that Status of Women has laid out, with those six building blocks, as I would characterize them, is pretty essential. It is a menu that will allow a department to have the essential elements to advance the application and the use of GBA within itself.

Status of Women committee  I would say there are two things being done. The first is in the field. The immigration program manager, who is the senior executive responsible for the immigration program in missions abroad, is accountable for the way in which the GBA policy is applied in the field, and that is critical.

Status of Women committee  I wasn't in the department when that happened. It happened in 2002 when the legislation was passed. Maia may have been in the department...no, she wasn't in the department then. From talking with my colleagues, I know that there was clearly an immediate impact, and we've had a bit of a lasting impact.

Status of Women committee  I think the biggest challenge is capacity. There's a lot of very interesting academic literature on the application of GBA from a public policy perspective, largely from feminist scholars who have studied the difference after gender-based analysis was mainstreamed in Canada post-1995, when the Beijing declaration was issued.

Status of Women committee  Thanks very much, Madam Chair, and thank you very much to the committee for the invitation to appear before you twice in two weeks. My name, as the chair said, is Fraser Valentine, and I am the director general of strategic policy and planning at Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada.

Status of Women committee  It's difficult for me to hypothesize if granting permanent residency on landing would address that issue specifically. What we know from the research is that the live-in requirement and the power imbalance of that relationship in living in the home with the employer was one of the critical factors, and that was the one that was addressed through the reforms.

Status of Women committee  Thanks very much for your question. Certainly the government was well aware that there were challenges with respect to the live-in requirement of the live-in caregiver program. As a result, the previous government changed that program, and that program ended. There are, however, two new caregiver streams that have been created.

Status of Women committee  As I was saying, there are programs offered pre-arrival that are done by the International Organization for Migration. They have sites across the globe. They have a workbook they offer to do this training. In that workbook, there is a specific unit on what they call cultural adaptation.

Status of Women committee  Yes.

Status of Women committee  Correct. Canada is quite unique in the world. We provide settlement programming to all newcomers in the country. As long as you are a permanent resident in Canada, you can receive settlement services, which include things like language training and employment supports, but also quite specific programming that could be targeted through certain organizations in relation to violence and understanding your rights under the law.

Status of Women committee  We have the highest naturalization rate in the world at over 80%, but not all permanent residents choose to become Canadian citizens. That is a choice.