Public Safety committee  Certainly. I apologize to those who are going to hear this again.

Public Safety committee  Would you like me to start from the beginning again?

Public Safety committee  Thank you. I thank the committee for this invitation to speak on issues of systemic racism in policing in Canada. Before I begin, I would like to acknowledge that I am taking space on the traditional territories of the Mississauga of the Credit, the Anishinabe, the Chippewa, Haudenosaunee and the Wendat peoples.

Public Safety committee  I'll start with policing. It is one area that warrants specific attention in the criminal justice process simply due to the fact that it is the initial point of contact with members of the community. Police, of course, also have the discretion and coercive power to determine whether one's behaviour is criminal or not.