Public Safety committee  I will. My last point is in relation specifically to systemic racism. I would argue that in all government organizations, there has been, and most often still is, systemic racism. This includes the police. An example I've used is representation. In fact, a report from a parliamentary committee called “Equality Now!”

Public Safety committee  Thank you very much, and good afternoon. I want to thank you for inviting me to the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security, which is studying systemic racism in policing in Canada. If I may, I'll introduce myself, which will help members better focus their questions.

Public Safety committee  I left the RCMP as an assistant commissioner in 2005. Following my time as a member of the RCMP—

Public Safety committee  Following my time as a member of the RCMP, I spent seven years as a police chief, two years in Durham Region and then five years here in Ottawa. From an education perspective, I have an undergraduate degree from Acadia University, a master's from Royal Roads and a doctorate from the Australian Graduate School of Policing and Security at Charles Sturt University.