Status of Women committee  Thank you. I would offer two comments. One of the things that I think is important to do is a bit of a differentiation between formal investigations of sexual misconduct—and I think there have been some clear recommendations suggesting there needs to be greater independence in those processes—and the other part we've talked about, which is the culture piece.

Status of Women committee  I think those individuals are critical and, as I think was mentioned in the previous testimony, I would suggest that it's not only supporting the victims. This is the part that I think is critical of the education program that is required across the military. Again, my comment was on people who have become ethically numb and morally mute.

Status of Women committee  If I can start with that one, I would point out—and both Dr. English and I are quite familiar with the volume on “Duty with Honour”—that there was a conscious reason why the word “honour” was connected in there. The concept there is that it's not sufficient to get the job done, that it's not sufficient to do your duty.

Status of Women committee  As we know, masculinities and patriarchy are ways in which many societies operate, and they create systems and structures that privilege men and cause challenges and problems for, and discrimination against, women. As to the reference to militarized masculinities, this is practised in very significant ways within a military context.

Status of Women committee  Madam Chair, if I may, I'll start and then let my colleague join in. Based on the testimony that was given by the previous witness, I think we need to recognize that these things don't happen in isolation. When incidents occur, there are commonly other witnesses. There are people that friends talk to.

Status of Women committee  Thank you, Madam Chair. As I indicated, I think two key changes need to be made. The first, as I mentioned, is a shift to inclusion. The military operates very strongly to socialize people into a single identity, so the military needs to authorize and accept inclusive teams.

Status of Women committee  One thing I will point out is that, as a member of the department of defence studies, most of my teaching is at the Canadian Forces College rather than the Royal Military College. However, I would suggest, first, that unfortunately the circumstances by which Ms. Lalonde did her presentation were not well set up.

Status of Women committee  I have a couple of comments to make. One of the critical ones is that the military gets everything done as a team. The first principle for any leader is to build cohesive effective teams that work together. When we have these kinds of behaviours within teams and when team members are being marginalized, shunned and harmed, you cannot have an effective team.

Status of Women committee  I have a couple of comments with regard to this. It's knowledge and awareness. This is not education, and it most definitely is not PowerPoint training. It's knowledge and awareness of how people see themselves and how they see others. This is part of what I was talking about in my opening statement.

Status of Women committee  Thank you, Madam Chair. We all appreciate the joys of connectivity these days. I am speaking to you from Toronto, the traditional territory of the Mississaugas of the Credit, the Chippewa and the Wendat peoples. I've been engaged on issues of harassment in the CAF for over 40 years, both in uniform and as an academic.