Public Safety committee  —too little. Thank you. I want to ask a follow-up question. Is there an awareness of the uniqueness of indigenous and non-indigenous activities that we're dealing with in this study? Are you guys locally implementing that awareness?

Public Safety committee  Thanks to all the witnesses for being here. I'll start off by saying that I'm speaking to you from Montreal, from the historical territory of the Kanien'kehá:ka Nation. I have one question for Mr. Sabourin. You talked about gang intervention and being severely under-resourced.

National Defence committee  Thank you, Mr. Jolicoeur. I have a second question for you. With respect to Canada's strengths, how do you feel we're leveraging them when we compare ourselves to the collective NATO alliance? How are we leveraging our strengths and expertise in addressing the issue of the conflict?

National Defence committee  Of course. With respect to Canada's expertise and our capacities, and if we look at the NATO alliance, are we seeing our expertise and capacities being leveraged in a productive, useful way when it comes to NATO's involvement in Ukraine and the region?

National Defence committee  Thank you for that. I'd like to ask one last question. With respect to the territorial expansion and Russia's intent to destabilize the region, do you see in this conflict—in Russia's involvement in Ukraine—an attempt to expand territorially [Technical difficulty—Editor] with respect to destabilization there in the region?

National Defence committee  Thanks for having me. I'd like to put forth this first question concerning Canada's role in NATO, the new Operation Reassurance, and how that compares to other NATO nations.

National Defence committee  My question is for Mr. Jolicoeur.

National Defence committee  It's with respect to Operation Reassurance and our country's role within NATO. How are other NATO countries involved in this operation as it relates to central and eastern Europe? If you'd like to shed light on that, I'd be happy to hear you on this point.

Public Safety committee  That's excellent. Thank you, Mr. White. I'd like to conclude by saying thank you to Mr. Weber, Mr. Sauvé, Deputy Commissioner White, Mr. Harris and all the others for being here. Thank you so much.

Public Safety committee  Again, I want to thank all the witnesses for being here. We've been running for two and a half hours. We haven't yet had a bathroom break, but we only have half an hour left to go. I want to touch base with the RCMP. Can you please elaborate on whether there are any gaps in the legislation that you see right now when it comes to laying charges against gangs?

Public Safety committee  How about when it comes to prevention? Would you like to speak to that point too?

Public Safety committee  I would say that's extremely important. It's not just a case of using a hard stick but also getting pathways so that people can exit lifestyles that are not productive in society.

Public Safety committee  On that point, when it comes to mandatory minimums, how do they impact or potentially not impact, or are not helpful when it comes to dealing with the issues we're talking about, gun violence and illegal arms trafficking?

Public Safety committee  I'd like to open up the floor to the panellists. If there are any novel points that you haven't raised thus far, perhaps you'd like to raise them.

Public Safety committee  Okay. We've heard in testimony so far that CBSA right now doesn't have the ability to patrol the border with the RCMP. Can you explain to us how that can help to deal with gun trafficking? Can somebody explain that with clarity, why that would be important, aside from the fact that it's not the case currently?