Canadian Heritage committee  I don't. Marc, I don't know whether you have any information on that. Private groups are private groups. One interesting anecdote, really, is how people are using these things. We were with Niki Ashton over the summer a year ago, up in her riding. She said, if you want to know how first nation communities are using Facebook groups, you should come and see this.

Canadian Heritage committee  Sure.

Canadian Heritage committee  I personally, ma'am, am not familiar with it. Perhaps Marc is.

Canadian Heritage committee  I honestly cannot comment on that. I don't know about the particular reference. As I mentioned, we have done stuff over the summer to address clickbait, as it's commonly known as in the industry, but I unfortunately am not familiar with the particular thing you're talking about.

Canadian Heritage committee  I can ask and provide you with something to the extent that I can confirm it. At this point, I cannot make that commitment on my own, and I don't really know what—

Canadian Heritage committee  I can't speak to this particular program. I'm not familiar with it. For us, at Facebook, we want to work directly with publishers to help them monetize. There are digital ads that exist on their news sites. I think what we're talking about here are potentially pathways to monetize on Facebook Live, and clearly on instant articles people are doing that.

Canadian Heritage committee  As I mentioned with Mr. O'Regan, these are very early days, as you can appreciate, based on events in the United States. I can circulate Mr. Zuckerberg's posts on it on Facebook from last weekend. One thing I can talk about is clickbait. We've heard a bit about clickbait, and for those who are not familiar, those are leading headlines that get you to go ahead and click on stuff in order to drive you to their websites.

Canadian Heritage committee  We are very pleased to provide a platform that has been—

Canadian Heritage committee  —largely successful. One cannot predict the future but we are very happy that it has been successful thus far. Obviously, I think at the end of the day these decisions about where an advertiser will place an advertisement is up to the individual. We feel that we have a good platform that drives user experience and that has a good user experience, but—and you will appreciate this— I don't want to speak without knowing my facts.

Canadian Heritage committee  What I can share—and this is current as of September 2016—is that there are over four million active advertisers on Facebook globally. The vast majority are small businesses and more than 70% of these advertisers are located outside the United States.

Canadian Heritage committee  At this point, it is very early days. We don't have more to say, other than Mark Zuckerberg's post, which I can circulate to you after, if you haven't seen it.

Canadian Heritage committee  Obviously, sir, the questions for Public Works, I respectfully submit, would probably be best directed to Public Works. I think the benefit of digital ads, and I'm speaking just for Facebook, is this idea that you will be able to have a very good sense of whether people have engaged with those ads.

Canadian Heritage committee  We have not done that. I'm not entirely sure what the nature of the question pertains to. I'm not a copyright expert, but if you—

Canadian Heritage committee  Just for the record, I do subscribe to a Canadian newspaper, a print edition, for which Mark gives me no end of trouble.

Canadian Heritage committee  I would say, with respect to copyright, and perhaps I misunderstand the question, but the nature of the way things are shared on Facebook is people. Publishers themselves put articles on Facebook. They put articles, unless it's an instant article.... The traditional way has been to provide a link directly to their web page.