International Trade committee  Thank you. Good morning. My name is Nicolas Pocard. I'm the vice-president of marketing for Ballard Power Systems. Ballard is a company based in British Columbia. For the past four years, we have been developing clean zero-emission hydrogen and fuel-cell solutions. As a techn

International Trade committee  Absolutely, this is something we are starting to look into. It's very early days. I think the ecosystem is still at its beginning. What I mean by ecosystem is the production of the hydrogen, which is necessary as a fuel. However, we have seen in the past year or 18 months a lot

International Trade committee  I'll use hydrogen as an example. At Ballard Power Systems, we're working on hydrogen fuel cells. I think that Canada's expertise in this area is really unique, even compared to the United States. We have American competitors. However, Canada has always been at the forefront of hy

International Trade committee  Absolutely, I support that. Our supply chain is so integrated between the U.S. and Canada that we really need to support that exemption.

International Trade committee  Yes. Thank you very much for your question. We have the objective to be carbon-neutral by 2050. If you look at what the key contributors are to emissions today, the transportation sector, for example, represents close to 25% of emissions here in Canada, and in some countries, i

International Trade committee  I think so, and then there also needs to be some clear.... We don't really have any domestic market for us today so it is all exports. I think seeing the development of a domestic market will help and this is done by really helping the deployment of zero-emission fuel cell vehicl

International Trade committee  Absolutely. Any incentive that will force users or fleet operators, the big distribution centres, to switch to cleaner trucks is very important. They have some examples in California. There are examples in other parts of the world where incentives, as well as a measure of some re

International Trade committee  I think that, in the electromobility field—

International Trade committee  Yes, I absolutely agree. We are seeing that in China. There's a policy in China on fuel cell technology, really driven towards localization. There are rules in place. The numbers...every year, more and more components need to be produced in China with Chinese technology. Yes, we

International Trade committee  Absolutely, that's something that can be discussed, to see how we can make those barriers less constraining, both for the Canadian technology sector, which has been investing for a long time in developing that technology, and for China, to achieve its emission reduction goals.

International Trade committee  Actually a fuel cell doesn't use a rare earth element. It uses platinum. There is a bit of platinum, but it is recycled at 95%.

International Trade committee  I totally agree with that. I think we're starting to see that, whereas traditionally, conventional internal combustion engines are not produced in Canada—only part of them—I think that with the zero-emission mobility we have the opportunity now to see that value chain being rede

International Trade committee  It's a very good question. I'd like maybe to respond with an alternative approach. Maybe one way to do it is to start with heavy-duty mobility buses and trucks. You start with a fleet-operated vehicle. Those vehicles have the largest contribution to emissions compared with a pe

International Trade committee  Yes.

Natural Resources committee  Good morning, everyone. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, thank you very much for allowing me to be a witness on your panel today. I am very happy to be representing Ballard Power Systems. Ballard is a Canadian company, based in British Columbia. Today, globally, we em