Finance committee  It's a real challenge. On the one hand, high fees mean that there are going to be more white label or other ATMs; but on the other hand, in inner-city neighbourhoods low-income people end up paying much more for limited-quality services compared to non-low-income people. I don'

Finance committee  I think that in some ways we have seen unintended consequences of the way in which banks have performed in the last maybe 10 or 15 years for inner-city neighbourhoods with withdrawals of the bank branches. Certainly in Winnipeg's north end, and I think in other inner cities acros

Finance committee  Yes, that's clear. For instance, if a single person receiving social assistance in Manitoba was getting about $250, they would be then looking at a white label ATM fee plus their bank fee. It could amount to maybe $5 to do a transaction. It depends on exactly how they do that tra

Finance committee  Thank you very much, Mr. Chairperson and committee members. I'll give just a bit of background about my research. I've been studying the phenomenon of financial exclusion, initially looking at Winnipeg's north end, which Andrew Douglas has already referred to. I'm in the first y