Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I can give you a summary in French. We prepared a French summary, but the request itself was in English.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  It is in English only, because it is an international petition. But I could give you....

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Thank you, Mr. Chairman. These hearings have taken place at an important moment of remembrance and reminder historically. In other words, we've been meeting in the aftermath of the 60th anniversary of the genocide convention, sometimes spoken of as the “never again convention”, and on the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, sometimes spoken of as the Magna Carta of human rights, and it would be appropriate to ask ourselves at the conclusion of these hearings regarding Iran, in this historical perspective, what have we learned and what must we do?

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  No.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I'll turn it over to my colleague.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would also like to join in thanking the witnesses. My first question is to Mr. Comras. Your presentation understandably focused on the danger of the nuclear threat and the comprehensive set of sanctions that could target Iranian vulnerability. You also identified the various options, but focused on the importance of the comprehensive, strategic, targeted sanctions.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Thank you.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  You've also mentioned some important recommendations to us, particularly a long-term program to assist human rights defenders, the investigation of laws and practices and the impunity of security forces and the like, and insistence on universal values and freedom of expression. Is there anything that a group of parliamentarians can do in particular?

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I just have a quick question. Would you say, Ms. Boroumand, that characterizing Iran as an authoritarian system, or some have even called it a totalitarian system, would be reflective of reality?

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I want to thank the witness, Ms. Boroumand, for being with us today and sharing with us an important narrative of the critical mass of human rights violations in Iran, the increase in arrests, prosecutions, and executions. I think something that we sometimes ignore is the criminalization of dissent and the criminalization of innocence and the impunity that attends it.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I have one brief question. The Obama administration has indicated that it is going to be engaging Iran. Do you see that in any way as contradictory to seeking to hold Iran accountable?

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Here is my first question to Professor Dershowitz, who indeed is the primary exponent of the first amendment doctrine in the U.S. Would it be fair to say that Ahmadinejad's incitement, as you appreciate it, if it were in the United States, would also be, in terms of incitement to violence, not protected speech even under the first amendment, though, for all the other reasons you have mentioned, clearly prohibited and criminal speech under the international law and genocide convention prohibition against the direct and public incitement to genocide?

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Thank you, Mr. Chair. I want to thank both our witnesses, Professors Stanton and Ottolenghi. I think they had excellent sets of testimony. Let me begin with Professor Stanton. Sir, you have identified some seven early warning signs of genocide in Iran. As a cultural anthropologist and law professor, you've also developed a paradigm or model of eight stages of genocide, as part of your analysis of recent genocides.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I'd like to begin by thanking the witness for his very comprehensive testimony and then put two questions to him. First, based on your experience in Rwanda, how would you feel the state-sanctioned incitement in Ahmadinejad's Iran compares to that, both in terms of the content of the message and the identity of the state officials promulgating the message?

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Thank you, Mr. Chairman. As someone who was at Durban and who spoke up there on behalf on the Dalits, I just want to say that they were not given a voice, and that was because the World Conference against Racism in Durban, which was supposed to be the first 21st century conference against racism in the name of human rights, turned into a conference against Israel and Jews.