Justice committee  Quite obviously, persistent offenders begin offending and increase their offending activities to a point where they're increasing at a peak, and that's the cause of the incarceration. There's less offending afterwards, hence the effect of some incarceration. I think a lot more st

Justice committee  It included young offenders charged with any type of crime. We didn't focus on cases that increased in severity.

Justice committee  We didn't look at the types of offence over the career. What we found in the data is that prior to incarceration in a youth facility, those who committed violent offences had far fewer offences prior to incarceration than those who were repeat offenders.

Justice committee  That we don't know. We don't know what was done in the community. We just had arrest data on them and then the actual incarceration with the state-level youth correctional facility.

Justice committee  I expect that more and better treatment is going to reduce re-arrests. It's a negative relationship, so you're going to have fewer arrests and less recidivism with more treatment and better treatment.

Justice committee  No. The B.C. studies were looking at just exploring the huge amount of data for what is prolific offending, to a point that I recommended we should define “prolific offending” for research purposes in British Columbia. But again, subsequent studies and looking at networks and map

Justice committee  They are because they've resisted everything and continue to resist, but there's also a very low certainty of incarceration. So without that certainty of incarceration, you're going to have low deterrence. I think having a more certain incarceration will help some deterrence.

Justice committee  I agree that any type of offender is not highly intelligent or complex. Can you restate your second point?

Justice committee  They may not have specific intent, but they are creatures of opportunity. They're impulsive, so they may not engage in more complex crimes that require absolute intent and planning. They're more... Sorry, time.

Justice committee  Yes. Even though they're for youth versus general offending, they're consistent, and they're consistent with all the research through history that's been done on prolific offending.

Justice committee  Yes, I think they're similar.

Justice committee  I would expect that to be true in Canada and anywhere you did studies on prolific offenders. The findings are that consistent.

Justice committee  Yes. I think it focuses and allows for more sanctions for those who have persisted despite everything at a lower level.

Justice committee  Yes, they would need more institutional supervision. In Canada, with a full awareness, there is treatment. That's in contrast to the situation in the United States, in which there has been effective incarceration of persistent offenders with a very limited amount of treatment, if

Justice committee  The PhD was in 2007, and the dissertation was the second study I did on persistent young offenders in California.