Finance committee  Thank you very much for the question. I actually don't have specific information about how we compare with other countries, but I can give you some historical information and what I think is needed, going forward. Canada, on the climate change and atmospheric science side, has always had a leading role internationally, and I think we have lost some of that over the past number of years.

Finance committee  That's on an annual basis.

Finance committee  Thank you very much for the question. I honestly don't have those numbers, the exact costs. But the escalating costs of inaction, as I indicated earlier, run from $2 billion in 2020, up to $40 billion in 2080. So that will be the cost of inaction. To say we are not doing anything is not correct.

Finance committee  Thank you. There were actually two investments by the government over a 10-year period, one of $60 million, which was a grant, and the other of $50 million. So it was, in effect, just a little over $10 million per year.

Finance committee  Thank you very much for the question. I don't have the detailed numbers of that, although I think recently the national round table came out and indicated that for the year 2020, weather and weather-related events will cost the Canadian economy about $2 billion.

Finance committee  Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the opportunity to speak to the committee. I'm a member of the board of trustees of the foundation, and I'll be speaking to the brief we provided to you earlier. I'll just highlight a couple of items in that. First of all, I want to identify that we had an error that slipped into that piece, which talked about the value of weather-dependent industries and businesses in Canada.