Industry committee  I'll turn to my colleague.

Industry committee  The ranking here is just a straight count of the number of applications. This includes patent files as well as trademark filings. As you can see, many universities are very active on the trademark side. It's just a listing.

Industry committee  We rely on a number of databases, including the World Intellectual Property Organization's, to pull together this data. In fact, I'll refer to the number of Canadian universities filing in the United States. In 2014, there were 550, approximately.

Industry committee  The individual offices from around the world contribute their data to the World Intellectual Property Organization. That's the United Nations body for intellectual property.

Industry committee  That's correct. Now, a very important issue here also depends upon the IP ownership. Some universities will file in the name of the institution. Others will file in the name of the researcher. That becomes a little more challenging to pull together. When we try to understand th

Industry committee  I'll start the response, and then I can turn to my colleague on the policy issues. With regard to patent trolls, we've been looking at this very closely over the last few years. What we have determined from an IP office perspective is that the more challenging issues are largely

Industry committee  Thank you very much. Hello. My name is Konstantinos Georgaras. I'm from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office, a special operating agency of Innovation, Science and Economic Development. We are responsible for the administration of the intellectual property acts and the re

Industry committee  That is entirely a business decision. We do not provide that advice, but it is driven by the size of market, as we have heard.

Industry committee  I do not have the figures currently, but if, as you've mentioned, you remove the surge in Chinese applications, you will notice that the number will be rather stable and that, indeed, as part of the total stock of patents in force, the Canadians have held their own. It really is

Industry committee  We can certainly do that.

Industry committee  Thank you for the question. Indeed, for this particular number here, we do rely on the World Intellectual Property Organization to provide the figures. We do know well the number of patents within Canada. It's difficult to track how many Canadians are applying outside. So the W