National Defence committee  I'm not a psychiatrist, but we know that they're both related. Depression, particularly from a volume perspective, is related more to suicide than has been post-traumatic stress disorder, in our experience. PTSD in particular is affected by lack of sleep, more so than depression.

National Defence committee  For some of it, it's difficult to predict when it will lead to actual, practical, clinical therapeutic results. For example, for the virtual reality technologies that we have now...we're finding some greater willingness for soldiers to stay in treatment. It's one thing to get p

National Defence committee  Yes, in advance. We don't know that part yet, but that's theoretically possible, depending on how much.... It may even allow us to tailor, in combination with other technologies—genetics, particularly—specific pharmaceuticals up front, to know what will work best, and thus save m

National Defence committee  We're working with several universities and the U.S. defence department, and with allies in Europe and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. There are multiple research groups doing work in those areas. There are all kinds of others related to transcranial magnetic stimulation

National Defence committee  Of those who do not present for care? No, we don't. That comes from the Statistics Canada mental health survey that's ongoing.

National Defence committee  Except the Statistics Canada survey is anonymous, and it's not conducted by the defence department.

National Defence committee  Yes. Stigma will always exist and not just for mental illness, for many things. We can bring it down, but it's going to be a constant battle. We have improved dramatically so we know, for example, that we have a higher rate of people presenting for care than the civilian populati

National Defence committee  I'm sorry, 447 was the number, and it has since been increased to 452.

National Defence committee  I and my predecessors asked for a lot of things during combat operations in Afghanistan.

National Defence committee  Intra-deployment and post-deployment. Everything we asked for, we received: for example, an unprecedented 4.8 psychiatrists in Petawawa for a population of 6,000. There's no other community in the world, I think, that has that level.

National Defence committee  The type of work that clinical psychologists do is necessary in our clinics, and that was part of the evaluation. At the time, the determination of whether or not there's a need for them in the...because in deployed operations we can't hang on to people for long times. We have a

National Defence committee  We've continually re-evaluated it, and there was never a crisis, there was never a need that wasn't being adequately met by the existing cadre of mental health professionals deployed overseas.

National Defence committee  Yes. If they were available, they were used.

National Defence committee  There's only one incident I know of, and it's unrelated to whether or not.... The issue of French language services is one thing, and we strive to always provide that.

National Defence committee  Right. So there was one incident that you've discussed, that we're aware of, and I don't know exactly what the circumstances were that led...but that's a separate issue than whether or not clinical psychologists in uniform are necessary. And we do have good data telling us what t