Health committee  I can answer part of your question. I think the USFDA process is more stringent, more demanding. It's a class-based system, so depending on the level of risk associated with a technology, the requirements will be high or low. This might explain why there are different perspectives.

Health committee  I come from public health. I have spent a lot of time researching health care services, policies and organization. Unfortunately, what we are seeing is that many innovations are not adapted to either the context or the needs. That is why I am more critical. I think more ingenious innovations will enable us to minimize our dependence on specialized services that keep going up in price.

Health committee  I don't want to take a chance and hazard a guess, but somewhere else in the presentation it says that there are large budget envelopes dedicated to health research and development. I also mentioned the envelopes discussed in the Jenkins report. Those envelopes are dedicated to industrial research.

Health committee  In terms of health care systems, it is important to understand that, even though each system falls under provincial jurisdiction, the challenges and needs are similar. Actually, Canada is not the only one to deal with those challenges and needs; every developed country is dealing with the same ones.

Health committee  I am not an expert on that issue. Perhaps the colleagues around you are in a better position to give you an answer than I am.

Health committee  Yes, I could. Thank you for your question. A few years ago, I studied the assessment organizations in the provinces and across Canada. In terms of duplication, I can assure you that these organizations work together, they meet and get together on a regular basis. The last thing they want is to have to redo a study that another organization has already done.

Health committee  I will let my colleague Jeff answer that.

Health committee  I guess I both agree and disagree with what has just been shared by my colleague. I agree that there are many connections between academia and industry, but also health care players are connected in many ways. I sit on the board of IHSPR, which is one of the 13 CIHR institutes close to health services and policy research.

Health committee  They are provincial.

Health committee  No. There are the provinces, as well as non-profit organizations and foreign sources.

Health committee  No. In my view, the challenge is neither to increase it nor to slow it down. It is neither more nor less innovation that we need, but rather better innovation. Assessing technologies provides us with arguments that help us understand what it means to have better technology in terms of efficiency, safety and costs, but that is not enough.

Health committee  It is difficult to have robust data, but 50% is a conservative figure. That means that 50% of innovative projects will fail. If we take, for example…

Health committee  Yes, but it is a modest figure. The rate can go up to 70%. It depends on what we are measuring at the start of the project.

Health committee  Between 50% and 70% of projects will fail.

Health committee  Not all the sources are on the slide. I am sorry. I only listed the primary sources.