Justice committee  How to pimp, okay. The reality is that we're constantly fighting against issues and content like this. It's a constant effort to identify the context within which there are comments in a video, and then to create what we call a “classifier”, which is an automated system to ident

Justice committee  I'm not sure in this case. I can follow up with you.

Justice committee  I think we have addressed that broadly, because we've long focused on providing our services in many languages. We have actually developed the artificial intelligence translation systems to be able to translate upwards of 200 languages. Our systems aren't focused solely on Englis

Justice committee  Yes, we are. I recognize the example you described. I've seen that as well. That is one of the challenges, especially immediately after a crisis. We're seeing content being uploaded and they are playing with it a little bit to try to confuse our systems. What we do, particular

Justice committee  To begin with the process itself, as I mentioned, especially in the context of hate content, we are dealing with such a quantity that we rely on our machine learning and image classifiers to recognize content. If the content has been recognized before and we have a digital hash o

Justice committee  To further refine my point, it's important to realize that YouTube is a platform for content creators, so essentially the people who are on YouTube are people who are trying to build an audience and a community around shared interests. The vast majority of them have given you the

Justice committee  I think from our point of view, I'd back away from bots to a wider perspective, which is that, across our system, we've long had experience with automated attacks on our infrastructure as well as our services. What we have focused on over time is providing the signals to our user

Justice committee  I'm sorry. What was the phrase?

Justice committee  We were faced with a difficult decision. The legislation was passed in December, and we had to have a system in place for the end of June. We went through the evaluation internally as to whether or not we could take political ads in Canada within that time frame, and it just wasn

Justice committee  No.

Justice committee  They can right now; on Google Maps, you can use the feedback mechanism to identify a particular element of the map. You can identify whether that road is closed indefinitely and it just isn't marked on the map, or whether there has been development since we last mapped that area

Justice committee  I have a two-part response if you'll be patient with me. I think the first is that if we're speaking specifically about YouTube and a platform where you're able to upload information, there isn't a process of verification/authentication, but you do need to provide some reference

Justice committee  If you'll permit me to look at my notes, I have a very specific definition. For us, hate speech refers to content that promotes violence against, or has the primary purpose of inciting hatred against, individuals or groups based on the attributes I mentioned in my opening remark

Justice committee  If those show up and they are flagged for review—a user flags them or they're spotted by our systems—we have a team of 10,000 who review videos that have been flagged to see if they violate our policies. If the context is that something is obviously a clip from a movie or a piec

Justice committee  Speaking generally and not to that specific instance, if that video were uploaded to YouTube, it would violate our policies and would be taken down. If they tried to upload it again, we would have created a digital fingerprint to allow us to automatically pull it down. The conte