Status of Women committee  You're absolutely right. For example, for dentistry, it's going to be the core curriculum with modules incorporated. Yes, absolutely, I think you're right. It has to be integrated throughout every aspect of the curriculum, and that includes school curricula as well. You're right that once the teachers are prepared at the university level, then they can take it further into the schools.

Status of Women committee  Sorry, but if I can just finish my sentence, we have to engage public dialogue. One way of doing it is through combined curriculum initiatives that involve the public sector as well.

Status of Women committee  Can I just have...?

Status of Women committee  There's another way of looking at the legal aspects. We could move from a criminal justice framework, which has been shown to be less effective, to a human rights and legal pluralism perspective to look at how educational institutions apply university administrative laws within human rights frameworks, for example, and that is one way that our law faculty especially is going.

Status of Women committee  Thank you for your question. The difficulty is that it's a catch-22. There's a real need for education of teachers, absolutely. Our teacher education programs lack some of this knowledge, but it's often difficult to even get legal literacy and critical media literacy into programs at the university level, at the teacher preparation level.

Status of Women committee  I'll start. I think one area to focus on would be more awareness of the intersectionalities. That is sometimes overlooked because we tend to see things as black and white. It is a continuum, as Sherene Razack said many years ago, of intersecting and interlocking systems in which certain people are oppressed because of various characteristics.

Status of Women committee  Should I take this?

Status of Women committee  Some of the research we did with seven-year-olds to nine-year-olds showed that they talked about sexting being common at that age. It is already normalized. It's not normalization by adults; it's normalization by the kids themselves, within their social spheres. As Lara said, a lot of it occurs as the hormones start raging and as they become teenagers.

Status of Women committee  Big-stick sanctions won't work. We're obviously looking for greater accountability on the part of perpetrators, but this cannot be achieved by harsher, reactive laws within our criminal justice system, because when rape culture is so normalized, such laws will not necessarily help young people understand where they are going wrong or where they crossed the line to engage in illegal activities.

Status of Women committee  Shall I start?

Status of Women committee  Thank you for the opportunity to address this committee this afternoon to speak on the nature and extent of cyberviolence against girls and women and the best practices to address and prevent it. I will discuss pertinent issues in the context of two key areas that I understand the committee is examining, because my work is moving in that direction, building on earlier research on cyberbullying and sexting.

Justice committee  Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. I wasn't going to say a lot on it other than to say that the provision in Bill C-13 should be accepted because without it, the discriminatory reroutes of cyberbullying that often perpetrate hatred and division due to people's ethic origin, age, sex, mental or physical disability, or religion will continue to be unjustifiably excluded from the protection of federal law.

Justice committee  Thank you very much. Thank you for this opportunity to present to your committee. Parry Aftab is always a hard act to follow. I learned that at the UN.

Justice committee  I will try to keep you interested after that. My submission today relates to three aspects of Bill C-13 that I will address in the following order. I want to discuss the non-consensual distribution provision; the clauses relating to lawful access that have already been mentioned; and clause 12, the hate propaganda provision, which I support.