Health committee  If you look at table 3 on page 20 of our report, we unpack those numbers using 2015 figures. It includes actual public, provincial, and NIHB expenditures and estimates of private expenditures, by using CIHI numbers. Then we unpack the pharmacist fees and the copays.

Health committee  That would be the non-insured health benefits plan, Department of National Defence, Veterans Affairs, Correctional Services, Immigration and Refugees and Citizenship Canada—

Health committee  —and RCMP. NIHB, the non-insured health benefits plan, is a huge one.

Health committee  The other pocket includes deductibles and copays.

Health committee  That's a great question. If you look at a traditional pharmaceutical that goes through a retail pharmacy, the manufacturer would sell it to a wholesaler or distributor. The distributor in turn would sell it to the retail pharmacy. The retail pharmacy would sell the drug to the p

Health committee  They would at the hospital level, but I should add that it's only indirectly. There are some products that provinces will pay for that aren't approved in any of the normal systems, and they may cut a cheque for those. There are some rare diseases for which drugs are imported thro

Health committee  Vaccines and public health is a good example.

Health committee  We tender every three years.

Health committee  I'd like to add a comment. My understanding is that most of the products that go through CBS are not the kinds of products you'd see at a retail pharmacy. They're more like hospital products, which go through a specialized procurement process already in many cases, not the single

Health committee  I agree, but not in regard to the traditional retail pharmacy type, because there's a whole set of distribution that is completely different.

Health committee  I can speak to countries where the population is quite heavy. France is an example. A lot of people wouldn't be happy with the French model even though, if you did a survey of the population, it's probably one of the most liked. They have a significant copayments, but most of t

Health committee  I would put it differently. In terms of pricing, we would explain the rules that the PMPRB has. While you would hope that they would be simple, they are not. Similarly, where there is a common drug review or the pan-Canadian oncology drug review or INESSS, we explain, assist, a

Health committee  I know that the former health minister and current interim leader of the Conservative Party made that statement. I believe that the current health minister has made similar ones. To the extent that there is price gouging, whether it's the PMPRB, or the pCPA, or the provincial d

Health committee  We hear from pharmaceutical manufacturers from time to time that they're not prepared to come to Canada. This is something that they put out there. They won't like me saying this, but there aren't a lot of very good examples out there. As for the few examples of products that h

Health committee  I guess there are two elements to that. There's the maximum price allowed by the PMPRB, which is.... Depending on how the PMPRB evolves over the coming time, we don't know their role. For most of the prices, whether it's a national pharmacare program, there's going to be a conf