Fisheries committee  The issue there was the sulphur emissions from power plants, industry, and so on. As a result of the research that was done, largely in freshwater systems and in terrestrial systems, it became clear that these emissions needed to be reduced. The response from industry and governm

Fisheries committee  There are several sources for greenhouse gases. Some of it is natural. There's a large body of it in permafrost in northern areas. There are the products of the digestive systems of most of the cattle and animals that we exploit for our own consumption. In all the climate models,

Fisheries committee  Definitely it's indirectly human driven. In terms of the natural sources, they are far smaller than the burning of fossil fuels and human activities by a factor of probably 10:1, something like that.

Fisheries committee  It's something like that.

Fisheries committee  It was a priority partly because of the need, because of the importance, but it was also an opportunity to make greater use of the observation programs that we had. It forced us to actually bring a number of elements together in terms of data and knowledge and expertise such that

Fisheries committee  Where we provide input is in sea level changes, working on providing forecasts of extreme events. That is always a bit touchy, because most of our observations are at that end of the scale, and we're talking about events that are at this end of the scale. The erosion of coastal

Fisheries committee  Oh, yes.

Fisheries committee  I and a number of other researchers are involved with Environment and Climate Change Canada. We are putting together a report that looks at the interplay between these various elements, and it's a multi-department exercise. The report is supposed to be out sometime during 2018. I

Fisheries committee  The role of DFO in looking at flow rates in rivers and glacier-feds on the other side of the Rockies is much more considerable because of our reliance on the importance of salmon fisheries in those areas. I'm not aware of what's happening on your side of the Rockies.

Fisheries committee  The issue of flow rates and also the timing of the flow are critical aspects to the dynamics of those systems, both in terms of how they impact the communities that are reliant on them and how they impact the biology of the animals. That is something where there are a number of r

Fisheries committee  I think you've raised a very good point. I think it's a very important one. I'm one of the few remaining people who were involved in setting up that initial process. It was the first peer-reviewed process we undertook in terms of looking at the impacts of climate change. Yes, it

Fisheries committee  To get back to your question about natural variability versus climate change, we've been very careful in differentiating the variability that is inherent in the system, which is what I will call the multi-decadal or interannual variability, which is most of the variability that w

Fisheries committee  It's becoming much more popular. The community is getting much more involved. The critical thing that we have to ensure is that the quality of the data is there. Many organizations come to us and consult. We have a lot of dialogue—particularly on the west coast, I would say, bu

Fisheries committee  I can provide you with a partial answer. We are looking at the diet of potential competitors such turbot and American plaice and trying to track the changes in their diet over time. Part of the issue is that it's very difficult to reconstruct the past, when we have no data. We ha

Fisheries committee  Actually, that's one of the areas that we're going to be discussing in a couple of weeks when we go to Norway. It's very strange. Europeans collect a lot of data, but there are aspects they don't collect data on. Size at age and weight at age are some of the data that are often m