Foreign Affairs committee  It's difficult because if the human rights abuses are happening somewhere else, unless they've violated some Canadian law, it's very difficult to try and enact some sort of punishment on them. I would say in the case, often, of human rights, rather than sanctions, it's things lik

Foreign Affairs committee  As a professor, I have access to hundreds of students. I think people like me have an intangible effect on things like, what it is to understand human rights. Sue? I don't know how to answer this question.

Foreign Affairs committee  That's a good question. It depends often on trying to figure out what would catch the attention of the decision-makers. For example, one of the really innovative things the UN did regarding North Korea was, when they realized that Kim Jong-un's father had a penchant for Hollywood

Foreign Affairs committee  —but if everybody does that, yes, it does have a chance. Sometimes if you're lucky enough, you're a state that has something that they need absolutely. If you cut it off, that's going to work. Sometimes you need collective action.

Foreign Affairs committee  On Kim Jong-un? We don't put sanctions in place on sitting heads.

Foreign Affairs committee  It could very well.

Foreign Affairs committee  Going back to what Sue Eckert said, sanctions are not just about saying, if x, then y, that if I put in place a sanction, that's going to create a change in behaviour. It's also saying to the world, we collectively disagree with these policies, and to show that in the most tangib

Foreign Affairs committee  Yes.

Foreign Affairs committee  No. I completely agree. I will answer in English, as my French vocabulary when it comes to sanctions is insufficient. I think you're right, but the FACFOA is very different from sanctions because it is driven by Tunisia asking us to seize assets in Canada, which I believe we'

Foreign Affairs committee  Maybe Sue does. What are the U.S. penalties for sanctions busting against UN sanctions?

Foreign Affairs committee  Well, $90,000 isn't the maximum amount. The SEMA and the UN acts contain differing amounts. I believe that under the UN act, it is $100,000 and 10 years of jail time if it's an indictable offence. Of course, Canadian judges do have discretion in taking into consideration all of t

Foreign Affairs committee  May I add a personal anecdote that speaks to that? Canadian companies and banks are so concerned about making sure they comply because there are quite damaging consequences. When I was working for the sanctions consortium, I was doing a case study on Sudan, which was under sanct

Foreign Affairs committee  I have a few points. First of all, Canada does not have extraterritorial reach when it comes to our legislation, so there has to be a Canadian connection. Because Canada's banking system is so good, people are not generally hiding assets in Canada. We already have quite a number

Foreign Affairs committee  Yes, but there's also a danger in trying to change legislation to go after that one person. You may find unintended consequences for everybody else. And can you imagine the extra burden on the banks to have to go through millions of transactions to make sure that, perhaps, he or

Foreign Affairs committee  The issue with the FACFOA, of course, is that it's not up to Canada to impose. It says under article 4, “If a foreign state, in writing, asserts to the Government of Canada that a person has misappropriated property,” then Canada can take steps. It has to come from the outside. U