Foreign Affairs committee  I appreciate that and I'm sorry if I was going too much on purposes. We tried to say coerce X to do Y, constrain X from doing Y, signal X about the violation of the norm. That's only the first step. The second step is to ask what happened. There may be evidence that al Qaeda was

Foreign Affairs committee  It's been suggested to me that I missed the beginning part. Is the question addressed to me?

Foreign Affairs committee  I just missed the beginning. It didn't come through, sorry. I think we'll see. As you know, the current European sanctions are scheduled to expire at the end of January 2017. The council met last week, and there are some indications that the sanctions are likely to be continued.

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you so much for asking a methodological question, if I may. I'll tell you how we do it. We try to be as systematic as possible, recognizing that it's very difficult to know exactly when these measures are effective. I've already mentioned that we differentiate by purpose.

Foreign Affairs committee  Certainly. I think the idea of holding gross human rights violators to account is important. It's important that Canada and other countries that are strongly committed to the support of human rights globally have the capacity to act in this way. I also agree very much with Profe

Foreign Affairs committee  I have one observation that goes back to the point I made earlier about the different purposes of sanctions. In my opinion, all sanctions send a normative signal of one sort or another. That signal is not always very clearly articulated, and so there are often times when we find

Foreign Affairs committee  I agree very much with Mr. Boscariol's points about the importance of having procedures available. If there are mistakes made, there need to be procedures available for the presentation of information. The biggest problem historically has been that most of the designations, in sh

Foreign Affairs committee  Please. It's easier.

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you very much for that question. Yes, I worked very closely with a former colleague at the Watson Institute at Brown University, Sue Eckert, who was the assistant secretary for export controls in the Clinton administration. We made a number of recommendations and suggesti

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you very much for that question. In our assessment we developed an approach to try to assess the effectiveness of sanctions. We differentiate among the various purposes. We evaluate the question. Was Iran coerced to changing its position on the weaponization of its nuclear

Foreign Affairs committee  Canada is not alone in this issue and problem. A few years ago we organized a meeting between the panel of experts for the Lybia sanctions committee here in Geneva and private sector individuals, because as the first speaker has pointed out, individual financial firms are themsel

Foreign Affairs committee  Yes. In fact, I would like to pick up the point about consolidated lists, because I think it's a very good idea. Particularly if Canada begins applying its own unilateral measures, it will be important to consolidate the different individual-centred lists. The United Nations act

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you very much for the invitation to comment on these issues. I've selected a couple of general questions with which I'm most familiar. I'll give you a little bit of additional background. I've been working on the issue of primarily United Nations targeted sanctions over