Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you.

Foreign Affairs committee  That conclusion was reached largely because, if I use Professor Goldman's terms, it's difficult, generally speaking, to change the cost-benefit calculations of certain kinds of governance. Among the interesting cases of sanctions success historically, two cases are usually held

Foreign Affairs committee  I am an anti-unilateralist when it comes to sanctions policy and the Canadian government. My own view is that when Canada engages in sanctions it is most effective when it is as multilateral as possible. There's no doubt that you can take multilateral sanctions and make them hars

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you. I agree 100% with Professor Goldman about the punitive purpose, and I would never suggest that the purpose of punishment, when it is achieved, whether in domestic law or international affairs, is useless. On the contrary, punishment is of crucial importance here beca

Foreign Affairs committee  The key here is the target. When you're focusing on individuals, there's a particular logic. The real issue is what happens when the target is a state, is another government. It seems to me that what one wants to do is to recognize the crucial role of these kinds of measures th

Foreign Affairs committee  Absolutely. When I focused on that particular act and the 18 individuals, it was really to underscore the nature of the targeted sanctions that, as you say, try to be as precise as possible. As Professor Goldman notes, the idea is to try to avoid unintended consequences. What ha

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you very much, Chair. I'd like to thank you all for inviting me to participate in your consideration of the effectiveness of sanctions as a tool of Canadian statecraft. I should begin by stressing, if you haven't already figured out from what is not in my bio, that whate