Transport committee  It's not something I've looked at, and so I don't feel as though I'm prepared to comment on that specifically. I think it's a question for the committee. Do we want to create a regulatory framework that is forward-facing or a complaints process that is backwards-facing? That's s

Transport committee  I think this speaks to how the schedule was initially constructed, which was really around commercial use and heavy navigation use for recreational activities. It would be a time-consuming process to do so, but engaging with communities, engaging with indigenous groups, engaging

Transport committee  I think in those cases—and maybe you could piggyback onto the current CEAA consultations—you do have to engage in a nation-to-nation consultation with those groups and actually have them at the table while you're preparing that list. I think it's quite notable that if you look

Transport committee  I'm not sure that the triggering mechanism is necessarily the best way forward. I think the biggest thing to think about is that at the moment we and the public aren't clear on what gaps exist under this framework as compared to the previous framework. It's difficult for us to re

Transport committee  Yes.

Transport committee  I think there are two things to consider. One would be that, by returning to the old legislation, I think a lot of the concerns about the regulatory or red tape burden would not be realized, in part because the Navigation Protection Act in its current form no longer triggers the

Transport committee  So these environmental assessments did not take very long.

Transport committee  Is that directed to me?

Transport committee  Why don't you take this, Emma?

Transport committee  I think there are two pieces that are intersecting here, that the committee does need to sort of...sorry, could you repeat the question? I'm a little confused.

Transport committee  With respect to reducing red tape, this was one of the pieces we were quite interested in looking at in our research projects. It was part of the rationale utilized in the dialogue around the discussions of the NPA changes. I think it is important to note that the number of NWPA-

Transport committee  That's correct, mostly because we haven't been able to.... I mean, the implementation took some time, and I believe only since 2014 have the changes to CEAA come into full effect. In terms of accessing new data, it's only in about the last year and a half or two years that we've

Transport committee  That's a weighted question, and it's not one I'm particularly well equipped to answer. Quite frankly, I'm not as familiar with the provincial regulatory framework and how it intersects with the federal framework. That said, I think this question of federal oversight for navigat

Transport committee  Of course. The research project had some limitations, obviously. Key among them was that we were looking backwards on projects that had already happened rather than forward on new data or new projects that were coming on board. Certainly, the data we had limited our ability to sp

Transport committee  Thank you very much. Thank you to the committee for inviting me to speak today. I'm speaking to you today with respect to a research project that I undertook in 2014 with colleagues at McGill University and at the University of Washington. This research investigated the changes