Transport committee  The most important recommendation is adequate sleep because sleep isn't just a mitigation, it's the fundamental thing upon which all this rests. I recommend looking at sleep opportunity, encouraging people to take the opportunity when they have it, and placing the opportunity at

Transport committee  It doesn't work that way. The real problem is lack of sleep. If you get adequate sleep, you will retain your ability to be attentive and to process information. The whole attentional network, which is in the brain, shrinks and dims when you're fatigued or sleep deprived, and e

Transport committee  Well, these are long flights. Our experience has been that the longer flights are equipped with bunk facilities, so any two pilots can be sleeping while the other two are flying the aircraft. These flights are, if anything, safer, because the pilots have sleep opportunities. They

Transport committee  For takeoff and landing we usually like the crews to be the ones who had the most recent nap, but really, beyond that, avoiding the window of circadian low, if possible, before takeoff and landing is a good idea. If you look at pilots over the long haul—three days prior to an i

Transport committee  The cockpit napping studies were done by NASA approximately 20 or 25 years ago. They showed really incontrovertible evidence that a 40-minute nap yields approximately 22 minutes of sleep and that this improves performance at top of descent. There was an advisory circular all pr

Transport committee  You make excellent points, and I agree with them. This is a process. Mr. Histon referred to emerging properties, these need to be continually maintained, refreshed, and so on, but we do have this co-operative relationship between union, management, and regulator, and we all meet

Transport committee  Thank you, ma'am. I do research in sleep and human performance. I work primarily now with the commercial airlines in the United States, specifically United Airlines. We study sleep and performance in what we call the operational environment, among pilots flying commercial flight