Information & Ethics committee  I'll just run quickly. I'll go to the next slide, in which you can see our recommendations onscreen around prioritizing Canada's competitiveness, promoting innovation and ethical AI practices, leveraging global standards, investing in AI R and D, and using a balanced and flexible

Information & Ethics committee  There are a few things built into this. One is that I think we're going to need to embrace lifelong learning. I think we are going to see the automation of a lot of menial and repetitive tasks and of some human decision-making. You will see, and we've seen it going back in histo

Information & Ethics committee  I highlighted in our presentation that there still needs to be human control over all artificial intelligence. It has to be enabled by human control. At the end of the day, there's a lot of fear of the unknown in this space but I think that allowing industry to place the standard

Information & Ethics committee  I'll go again on that one. The problem you run into is that not everybody's going to play by the same set of rules. This is like a global space race. Now we're in an AI race. Our country has invested a significant amount of time, money and effort into being leading researchers

Information & Ethics committee  We follow this issue very closely. We've been reviewing the impacts the GDPR has had, both positive and negative, in the European context. The positive is in terms of improving privacy rights for European citizens. The negative side, as my colleague pointed out, is that there's a

Information & Ethics committee  I mean not just discouraging research and development. It's the cost of compliance. We've seen reports coming out of the EU that the average cost is around $100,000 U.S. to comply with GDPR. If you take that into account, it's not a lot of money for a very large organization, but

Information & Ethics committee  Perhaps Dr. Mittelstadt could begin and I will follow up.

Information & Ethics committee  As Mr. Mittelstadt said, in artificial intelligence, there are frequent opportunities where biases are created in the data itself and in the codes generated in relation to artificial intelligence. We suggest that, in the industry, there should be a review at each step, whether an

Information & Ethics committee  With regard to the products and services provided to Canada's Department of National Defence or elsewhere in the world, I don't think it's very different from what we're seeing in traditional sectors. In discussing the ethics of artificial intelligence, we seek to determine in wh

Information & Ethics committee  It's not that we closed our eyes. Instead, priority was given to the development of bills that were technology-neutral. No one could have predicted the quantity of data and transactions an individual can generate in a day because, for example, the smartphone had not yet been inv