Health committee  Certainly.

Health committee  That's a very good question. I, too, will avoid making the members of the committee suffer. Indeed, my accent leaves something to be desired.

Health committee  It's an excellent question. I think this was a little bit what we tried to do in this report. The cost of inaction is dear. It's huge. The cost of action is actually not that great, especially when you look at the return on investment. Number one, you're looking at, from whateve

Health committee  I don't think I can give advice on what the system for surveillance should be. I think it's something that benefits, as I said, from scale efficiencies. Rather than having each province have special laboratory capacity for antimicrobial resistance, there's probably a division of

Health committee  That is a great question. I think one of the things we're seeing—and I think our first witness mentioned this—is that there's a shift in demand toward foods that are antibiotic free. I think this is growing awareness that having foods laced with antibiotics is not necessarily a g

Health committee  I think it's a good question, which is, as you say, what are the primary drivers of AMR globally? I think, first, the way in which tuberculosis is managed in low-income countries is the biggest driver, and the reason you have so much resistance is that health systems are not gear

Health committee  I think there are a number. I think the UN resolution to improve action on antimicrobial resistance, which was taken in September 2016, is an excellent start. It brings together the World Health Organization, very importantly, but also the food and agricultural organization, some

Health committee  That's a global assessment of looking at what are deemed to be good value for money investments to stem or address the problem of antimicrobial resistance. You need to put that in perspective. Number one, about $8 trillion to $9 trillion per year is spent on health globally. This

Health committee  Thank you very much. Thanks for the opportunity to appear before the committee on this issue and to provide an international perspective. As a Canadian who grew up on a farm, did a graduate degree in agricultural economics, practised medicine, and has spent the last two decade