Natural Resources committee  That is a very hard question to answer. Once again, we can't replace all plastic products with lignin. Lignin has its benefits, but also its drawbacks. We have to go step by step. For example, we could calculate the result of replacing 10% of polyurethane volumes with lignin.

Natural Resources committee  Certainly.

Natural Resources committee  Yes.

Natural Resources committee  Yes. Lignin is a material that is just as compostable as cellulose in certain conditions. It can also be used to create compostable products. For the moment, we're trying to use lignin to partially replace plastics that aren't necessarily compostable as of now. To answer your q

Natural Resources committee  We put a lot of effort into the development of bioproducts, but more upstream, like the development of lignin, cellulosic materials, and so on. What is needed now is to bridge the gap with the end-user, so to help with communication and discussion between the biomass developer or

Natural Resources committee  I don't have exact answer, but I'm pretty sure it's a combination of Ford and the U.S. government, because the soybean is quite important in the U.S.

Natural Resources committee  There are some performance aspects that have to be evaluated, but we have good results so far. For sure, we also have to evaluate the long-term performance. We haven't done everything in terms of research, but definitely we obtained very good success with lignin in polyurethane f

Natural Resources committee  That's an excellent question. When we work with the end-user, cost is the main issue. When we develop new products, we have to maintain the cost and increase the performance, or reduce the cost and maintain the performance. It's always like that. One advantage we see with lignin

Natural Resources committee  I don't have the number in my mind, but it's something that we can provide to you for sure.

Natural Resources committee  First of all, lignin is extracted or precipitated from black liquor. To understand how much lignin can be obtained, one only has to look at the corresponding volume of black liquor. I don't think that all pulp and paper companies will be converting their black liquor into lignin,

Natural Resources committee  I don't know if standards are the most important thing right now. Lignin is produced in powder form, which is not always very consistent. What we really need to do is develop technologies that make this lignin powder usable by the plastics industry. A good example of this is wh

Natural Resources committee  We don't think the bioproduct should replace—

Natural Resources committee  —bitumen-based products, and really it's going to be an addition to a solution that can be used.

Natural Resources committee  Let's take the example of agricultural fibres. We're trying to use flax hay to produce flax fibres. In Canada, flax is harvested for its seeds. We use flax seed in different industries, and even in food. When we extract the seeds, we are left with bales of flax hay, which can be

Natural Resources committee  It's very hard for me to answer this question. We develop technologies that allow us to replace certain polymeric products with lignin. These days, enormous amounts of plastics are produced. To replace a small portion of these plastics with lignin, which is seen as a bio-plastic