Industry committee  I'm not really familiar with any of those details, but as far as we understand, having such a broad educational exception does not comply with the specifics of the three-step test of the Berne Convention. That's even being said by my American colleagues who use fair use. They ha

Industry committee  They're different materials.

Industry committee  I'm not sure whether we have that information. If we have it, we'll be glad to do so. So it's the spending by universities in different countries?

Industry committee  I'm not sure if we have that information, but I'll be glad to provide it if we have it.

Industry committee  I think it's not just the amount of what can be reproduced from a certain work—if it's 10% or 8%—the most important part is how many copies you are making. If you're making a copy for your own personal use, that's accepted in many countries. However, what I have heard—and I'm n

Industry committee  I couldn't speak directly for Access Copyright, but most of collective management organizations throughout the world can also licence digital content. What we are trying to do as publishers, together with authors, is to develop these licensing schemes with collective management

Industry committee  I'm not familiar with this platform, but—

Industry committee  I think there is an important difference with academic scientific journals, for example, which were mentioned a while ago. They are published by the main international publishers worldwide, which do a lot of investment into publishing those journals That's one part. They tend to

Industry committee  Yes, of course. Perhaps what I was mentioning—and we have seen it in other studies by other people, like a study by Professor Daniel Seng, who did the study for the World Intellectual Property Organization—is that it's hard to find in other countries a very broad exception just

Industry committee  Yes, indeed. That's our experience internationally as well. Sales of digital products skyrocketed several years ago and have remained rather constant, between 15% and 25% or something like that, depending, of course, on the type of book and so on. Yes, we agree with that.

Industry committee  That's something I don't have an answer to. We know that there are different systems throughout the world. I'm not sure if we do have a position on that. I could—

Industry committee  —investigate and send you an answer afterwards.

Industry committee  I also don't have the numbers or the information specifically to the Copyright Board. I wouldn't have an answer to that.

Industry committee  Good afternoon. Thank you very much for the opportunity to appear before this committee. My name is Hugo Setzer. I am a publisher in Mexico City and currently vice-president of the International Publishers Association or IPA. IPA is a federation of national, regional, and specia