Information & Ethics committee  Yes, I think this is an important question. On the comparison to the data collection done now versus how it was done when door-knocking and phones were really the only option, then people knew at some level what data was being collected on them because they were asked. They had t

Information & Ethics committee  That's an important distinction. The idea of whether this is going to make a whole lot of work that's going to tax parties in ways that are unfair is important. At a minimum, what I have suggested as necessary would be the top level.... It would be saying that as a party this is

Information & Ethics committee  Perhaps Professor Pal would have a better sense of whether under current law that would be the case. I think it should be, the caveat being it wouldn't be the person who created the content in the first place who should be held responsible, but instead, whoever has paid for those

Information & Ethics committee  Yes.

Information & Ethics committee  I think paid content versus unpaid content is a useful distinction. I think we also need to remember though that the content is important in deciding whether this is political or not. It's the dissemination of the content that makes it the advertisement. You could pay an artist t

Information & Ethics committee  Right.

Information & Ethics committee  I think self-regulation is absolutely insufficient. What Facebook in particular has been doing in reaction to the pressure now being put on them is good. We need to continue seeing those things. Professor Pal brought up the example of making a repository of some election advert

Information & Ethics committee  One of the major problems with having what we would maybe call an “identity layer” like that is what becomes the verification of real personhood. Airbnb asks you to take a picture of your passport or your driver's licence. I'm not super comfortable with Airbnb having a copy of my

Information & Ethics committee  Gaming an algorithm would be.... The typical example is search engine optimization. Another way is, say, we have an event happening in Ottawa. We want the hashtag for that event to trend in Ottawa so that anybody in the Ottawa area sees the hashtag on their little trending bar on

Information & Ethics committee  Political bots are automated accounts, sometimes found on social media, sometimes found on Instagram, sometimes found on Twitter, sometimes found in instant messaging apps. There's a bunch of different places where political bots are interacting. There are other kinds of bots th

Information & Ethics committee  I don't know the details of the Leadnow case. I know only what made the news headlines. I think, however, that it's a very important point when we're having these conversations about personal data use. With something like what C-76 has put forward for the requirements of a privac

Information & Ethics committee  Yes. I also will answer in English, just so I can be precise. I think that one of the major things is in addition to what Professor Pal has just put forward about the permanent campaign and where third parties are actually regulated. In addition to advertising and spending, we

Information & Ethics committee  One potential problem with requiring the registration and provision of a phone number is that a lot of mobile applications now connect to people's cellphone numbers, which means that, by allowing or forcing a phone number to be provided, there are potential ramifications for all

Information & Ethics committee  I can start. I understand that you want to separate things like voter suppression tactics from junk news and junk content. However, when we're thinking about how to deal with one of those things and not the other, it's very difficult to say that we would regulate the platforms

Information & Ethics committee  Thank you. I also haven't read the details of USMCA yet, but I think the questions that are brought up are important and we need to look into them. To build off what Ms. Bradshaw just said, I would say that the idea of platforms being responsible for all of the content that sho