National Defence committee  I think there are contributions that are addressing Maslow's pyramid at the bottom level, those physiological needs such as making sure that the food system is resourced and online, that the communications systems are resourced and online, that all of those bits and pieces that c

National Defence committee  The answer is yes, we are too stovepiped. But even in academia, those stovepipes exist, so the research that is being conducted does limit the cross-fertilization between defence and development. Then we have those who, let's just say, hold a humanitarian world view, and they get

National Defence committee  Yes.

National Defence committee  The U.S. has gone through a process called “live exercise training”. About four years ago, they began deploying on missions around the world that they hadn't typically been part of—HADR operations, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations—in order to train up their

National Defence committee  I don't have a specific opinion on that, but we have to return to what a UN peacekeeping mission is all about. It's to create an environment for that peace to take hold. Peacekeeping at its heart is a political intervention. Tactically the medevacs may be doing exactly what they

National Defence committee  It's going to take a lot of resources and a lot of political will and the correct mechanisms injected at the right time along the spectrum of operations, based on conflict escalation and de-escalation. When I answered the question in that stark way, it's because the political aim

National Defence committee  I can probably best answer the question by broadening our perspective on what we think peacekeeping is. Traditionally, peacekeepers were not allowed to use offensive operations. There was use of force in defence only. The remit changes when we move from a chapter VI—to a chapter

National Defence committee  From a social science research perspective, it's the long-term sustainability of the peace. Peace can be defined both as negative peace and positive peace, if we go back to Johan Galtung's academic perspective. I want us to take that in stride because in peace and conflict studie

National Defence committee  No.

National Defence committee  Are you speaking from the perspective of Canada or asking if the UN mission should shut down?

National Defence committee  Good. I'll give you an example. We would go down to the PKSOI at the U.S. Army War College, which is their equivalent of our Pearson centre. We would host a seminar where we would have a few international participants. We would have maybe U.S. joint command at the table. We wou

National Defence committee  Yes, and there's proof. I really appreciated listening to the previous testimony. Your questions about measures of effectiveness are spot on. How do we measure whether or not our training is working? How do we measure whether or not one of those international seminars were worki

National Defence committee  I was on maternity leave when it closed, so I can't answer the question specifically.

National Defence committee  I've written a report on this, which I'd be happy to share with the committee. In fact, it might be worthwhile.... While I was at the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre, we went through many different transformations, but the purpose of the centre never changed. Where it was located wa

National Defence committee  At that time, it definitely was in the Ottawa area. Now with regard to what I would do, if there were a place for a centre of excellence, Canada would be a wonderful host for a place like that. There is little—