Information & Ethics committee  It's a great question. We've talked mostly about data and personal data, but one thing is to allow the free flow of non-personal data that can also help in innovation—like the workings of a car, like the data that comes from your car that could then go to the car manufacturer and

Information & Ethics committee  I'm not saying it's the model, but they're starting to ask the right questions.

Information & Ethics committee  No. We are now in the new frontier, whereby the tools that we have don't necessarily translate well into this new.... There's not a well-established model. We're now starting to find out what we should do to address this sort of behaviour. It might be you're not necessarily going

Information & Ethics committee  Okay. Thank you.

Information & Ethics committee  In the United States that's the great unknown. It came up in a Supreme Court case, where there was geolocation tracking of an individual. During the oral arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court there was precisely this question: Who owns the geolocation data? Here it's unclear. T

Information & Ethics committee  I'll start off first with data-driven mergers. Let's say that Facebook were to acquire IAC, which is the largest dating platform. It has Match.com and the like. Under the competition authority, you would look at that. It's not necessarily a horizontal merger, because they don't d

Information & Ethics committee  Just on network effects, there's good but there's also bad.

Information & Ethics committee  It could help powerful firms become even more powerful until they're entrenched in the marketplace. You have multiple—

Information & Ethics committee  Yes, but you also have multiple network effects. I would point out that DuckDuckGo has a much better privacy policy, but it doesn't have as good a search engine, and it might be just disadvantaged by these network effects. It's a doubled-edged sword. How do we empower the compe

Information & Ethics committee  One thing is to have, then, alternatives such as a small but significant non-transitory decrease in privacy protection, and there would be coordination with the privacy official and the competition official.

Information & Ethics committee  The EDPS is working toward that effect. The other thing would be looking at data as an important mechanism, even when it's not bought and sold. I would look at Apple's acquisition of Shazam. There, the European Commission, I think for the first time, looked at that merger like t

Information & Ethics committee  I'm not going to say antitrust is.... I'm from antitrust. I worked at the Department of Justice for many years before teaching. I could see the power antitrust can have. It's not the silver bullet. It's necessary, but it's not sufficient. You do need to re-amp the tools, the way

Information & Ethics committee  It's interesting because we've written a couple of books and we were ready to defend our thesis. I remember there was this one head of a competition agency who then looked at us and said, “Okay, so what are we going to do about it?” It kind of caught us flat-footed because we wer

Information & Ethics committee  Right. It has been a historical concern of antitrust that once you have significant economic power, that could translate into political power, and you then create policies that promote the dominant firm. Yesterday in class we talked about the DuPont case, which is an antitrust

Information & Ethics committee  What would be the market clearing price in that instance? If you ask Facebook, they have to provide you, first of all, with the data, but also your content that you post on Facebook. You're ostensibly working for free. You're a free labourer providing content on a platform that's