Justice committee  Okay. Thank you for that. In his testimony, Mr. Ludmer talked about the fact that there's a lot of inconsistency from judge to judge, from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, as a result of uncertainty surrounding what is in the best interests of the child. Has that been your experien

Justice committee  Are you aware of any social scientific studies that are Canadian?

Justice committee  None that are Canadian, but there are—

Justice committee  Right. Thank you. The suggestion was made, when I asked a question about maximum parenting time to Mr. Ludmer, that it's something the courts already consider. Obviously issues around family violence and other reasons one parent might not be suitable are already considered. It w

Justice committee  Right. Perhaps I didn't phrase my question clearly. Just to clarify, what I was suggesting is that there's no inconsistency between having a rebuttable presumption and the best interests of the child.

Justice committee  Thank you.

Justice committee  Mr. Syrtash, on that point, could you comment on how a rebuttable presumption would increase certainty, predictability and fairness?

Justice committee  Dr. Landau made reference to social science data that she said was incomplete, had small samples, is biased and isn't reliable. You made general reference to some of the social science evidence, but I would invite you to put on the record some of the social science evidence that

Justice committee  Thank you.

Justice committee  Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you, witnesses. Mr. Ludmer, I'm interested in the comments you made about the arbitrary decisions that are made from judge to judge, from province to province. Are you able to elaborate on some of the differences that you see from jurisdiction to jur

Justice committee  Thank you for that. Ms. Landau and Ms.—

Justice committee  In any event, I'll be sure to refer to you by that. Both of those witnesses made references to a lack of an individual assessment based upon a rebuttable presumption. Could you comment on that? To me, it seems to not make a lot of sense.

Justice committee  Could you address the concern that was raised—and I think you did touch on it a bit—about weeding out instances where domestic violence is at play? The suggestion was made that the rebuttable presumption would somehow result in overlooking domestic violence. Can you comment on th