Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you very much.

Foreign Affairs committee  I'll try. Thank you very much for your question. Let me start by saying that tuberculosis is underfunded. We are not following the high-level summit on tuberculosis that was held in New York three years ago. It's underfunded. Across the three diseases, it's the one that kills the most people—1.6 million a year.

Foreign Affairs committee  Those are massive questions, and I can see the chair in front of me telling me not to take too long. On malaria, the interventions vary greatly between, for example, a high-burden setting like the Sahel or an area where the incidents are not too high but you want to eliminate malaria.

Foreign Affairs committee  That's a fascinating question. The mix will differ from country to country. Essentially, prevention takes education, and awareness in particular, in highly vulnerable populations. This is where you need community leaders and you need peer-to-peer education. You don't need a formal doctor going into those populations.

Foreign Affairs committee  Indeed, in terms of the funding model, we do have more than 90% of our resources coming from governments or sovereign donors—93% exactly at this point in time. The rest does come from private sources. In that space, we have a long-standing partnerships, and we also have very high ambitions for this replenishment.

Foreign Affairs committee  Indeed. There are two ways in which private sector partners can contribute. They can contribute directly in cash towards the $18 billion, and we very much hope to get such commitments, not only at the conference itself but before that, and the team is already working on securing early pledges in the coming weeks, hopefully.

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you. I will look into Canada's regime and get back to the committee with an answer. What I was talking about was a pooled procurement mechanism, not a pool of medicines contributed by donor or non-donor countries. Through the mechanism, the Global Fund is able to proactively negotiate with labs and suppliers of the various health products we need.

Foreign Affairs committee  That is an excellent question. At the moment, we continue to deliver our COVID-19 response. Thanks to Canada's support, and other donors, we have been able to deploy an additional $4.3 billion to countries to help them fight COVID-19. That is ongoing. Funding needs, by the way, are not covered for the COVID-19 response coordinated by the ACT-Accelerator coalition, as I mentioned.

Foreign Affairs committee  Malaria also got worse. I mentioned the increased deaths, which means basically a child dies from malaria every minute as we speak, which is not acceptable really. We've gone backwards on malaria as well. The countries where malaria incidents are the highest were not hardest hit by COVID.

Foreign Affairs committee  That's interesting because we did work very much in coordination and indeed we were one of the founders of the ACT-Accelerator, which is the coalition that brought together all the global health agencies like Gavi, the Global Fund, WHO and others. They really came together to mount an entire end-to-end response to COVID-19, including all the different tools.

Foreign Affairs committee  That's a very good question. That's the beauty of innovations, right? When we found the antiretroviral treatments and were able to make them available equitably to all people who needed them, we made a huge step forward in the fight against the disease. Where we are struggling is indeed in stopping new infections from happening.

Foreign Affairs committee  Yes. Actually, the majority of new infections in Africa come from adolescent girls and young women. Between 15 and 24 years old, they are twice as likely to get HIV compared with their male peers. As I said, vulnerability factors include gender-based violence, early marriage, not going to school and things like that.

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you very much for your kind words and for the question. COVID-19 has impacted the programs in many ways. First of all on the offer side, health workers and community health workers were completely overwhelmed and under stress by the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of them were sick—we've lost many health workers—and/or couldn't access the health facility and/or could not cope with the level of demand.

Foreign Affairs committee  Yes.

Foreign Affairs committee  That's a very daunting question, because what we are facing at the moment is a false dilemma. On one hand, we're going to stick to our 2030 targets, the long-term sustainable development goals, for which we need sustained funding from donor countries, and also sustained commitments from implementing countries.