Public Safety committee  I think the new cyber unit of the RCMP is probably best placed to pinpoint where in the world they're coming from. There are certainly various countries where we have seen attempts and attacks, but it does migrate around. It is global and it is sophisticated.

Public Safety committee  Interac does do some of those transactions, and we're looking at it. Certainly, e-transfers are easy to understand. If you're paying a service provider, a plumber in your home, you may choose to use Interac e-Transfer, and those are real-time payments today. The bill payment int

Public Safety committee  We do have some international remittance on our Interac debit product. I think somebody had an example. If you were in the United States and you wanted to withdraw money through your Interac bank card, you could use a third party ATM. We do have an ability for you to withdraw fun

Public Safety committee  No, we do not maintain foreign banking relationships. If you, as a Canadian consumer with a Canadian bank account, choose to withdraw funds if you're visiting Texas, for example, you can withdraw funds in Texas through your Interac debit card. But no, we do not maintain foreign

Public Safety committee  Sure.

Public Safety committee  It might be important for the committee to make a distinction between attempts and attacks. I would say that all financial institutions, payment ecosystem providers and settlements providers are going to sustain attempts. At Interac, we have a managed detection and response, so

Public Safety committee  I think it's a function of both. It's a layered approach. It's a function of the security of the participants, of the operating regulations, of the limit structure, of the fraud risk monitoring—for sure, that's pivotal and key in that ecosystem.

Public Safety committee  I would say yes, absolutely. It is further enhanced with every amount of information sharing that we have. Of course, we participate, as Justin and Martin said, in a lot of central forums, in information sharing through some committees, and the CCTX has been a great addition in

Public Safety committee  I actually think it reduces the risk to have the closed-loop private network. For clarity, the direct connection is called an API, or an application programming interface that we have to the financial institution, through which all transactions flow. The sending institution—your

Public Safety committee  No, actually. All of our high-risk and transaction-based systems are proprietary code bases. Proprietary code means that we have a large development team that builds the code themselves. We put it through quite rigorous security standards and vulnerability scanning. We have a man

Public Safety committee  I can share with the committee that all the data meets the minimum required standards in order to process the transaction, and any personal, identifiable information that is required to process the transaction to your bank account and not somebody else's bank account is fully sec

Public Safety committee  Do you mean the intended use and purpose of the transaction in terms of the merchant where it's being purchased?

Public Safety committee  I can't share all the data elements that are collected, but I believe the transaction is about the money movement itself. It's not about the goods and services that you're looking to purchase.

Public Safety committee  I would say absolutely the same. As the centre of the ecosystem, Interac spends a good amount of time with all of our participants—and we have many more participants—in giving them lead time and testing time when we're raising security standards, which we always are. We actively

Public Safety committee  Yes. I would agree with that statement.