Information & Ethics committee  I don't know that I have much to add to the comments of the other panellists. I think that we are very much about both trying to put the diversity of the App Store in front of our users and trying to enable great competition. I think that has been wildly successful for many diffe

Information & Ethics committee  Diversity is one of the four corporate values that our CEO Tim Cook has espoused, in addition to privacy. They're both quite important. It goes far beyond AI. Certainly speaking from a privacy dimension, it's very much about the human condition, and having a diversity of viewpoin

Information & Ethics committee  We'd get headline, sure. I don't personally believe that headlines necessarily impact privacy, with respect. I think users would—

Information & Ethics committee  As you point out, Facebook is an extremely popular service. Users would turn to web technologies in other ways to continue to access Facebook. I don't personally see a way that either Apple could or, out of respect for an individual's privacy, that I would be—

Information & Ethics committee  We have taken many steps over the years to continue to constrain and raise the bar higher than any other platform on privacy and user control over the data on our hardware. It's precisely because of our hardware integration that we've been able to take so many positive, proactive

Information & Ethics committee  In the expectation of GDPR, Apple launched a data and privacy portal. Users can download their personal information, both under access and under portability, in human and machine-readable formats.

Information & Ethics committee  I don't know if the businesses agree or disagree with our approach. I think we'd certainly encourage.... We try to demonstrate that people can copy us in our approach to privacy. What my team seeks to do and what I think the focus is, as I said, is to put the information on the

Information & Ethics committee  I guess if you're talking about their availability on the App Store, I think there are two—

Information & Ethics committee  Right, so on one hand, under the hypothetical, if the Facebook application wasn't there, Facebook offers a website, and people would still be able to access Facebook through the website, through our browser, or through a competing browser. If we go further down that route and s

Information & Ethics committee  Well, I suppose what's within my power are the technical controls. My approach is to say that underneath any application or any service running on the phone, we should find technical measures to keep the user in control of their data.

Information & Ethics committee  If I take that as the availability of Facebook on our App Store, it would not measurably impact privacy to withdraw that application from the App Store.

Information & Ethics committee  I think that users—

Information & Ethics committee  In the machine learning that we employ, we do want users to understand that we do it primarily by putting it on the users' devices and training it on their data, as I've said. When we're training generalized models, we're doing that based on public data sets. Primarily, we're not

Information & Ethics committee  We believe in transparency across many things.

Information & Ethics committee  You imply that there is, at least in some cases, a single, all-or-nothing sort of consent, and we're very cognizant of that. What we do is offer very nuanced and fine-grained consent. It's possible to use an Apple device without signing in to or creating any Apple account, so we