Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I'll be brief. I just want to second what Elise said about refugees. One of the challenges for us is when we're looking for people to talk to. We have all these government documents that are the blueprints, but to me it was important to find humans who could tell us if those po

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I did touch on them in some of my answers to questions in order to get them in. I'm sorry; I thought I had a little more time than I did for my statement. One of my suggestions, because I know there's a Canadian version of the Global Magnitsky Act—it's called GloMag in the U.S.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Elise may want to follow up. I would just be strategic. The U.S. is trying to focus on particular technologies that are really vital and maybe where U.S. companies play an important role in providing them. It may not be feasible to block every single component that could possibly

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  That would be very helpful. It's not easy to track global supply chains. We've found basically that we're able to understand what's coming into the U.S., at least directly, but we have no idea what's going on with Europe, and I don't believe we currently have access to data for C

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  That's right. One of the things we're trying to understand better, which I mentioned, is that with the pairing program, certain Chinese provinces that are participating, their companies have basically helped dictate the sectoral focus of that particular pairing program. Therefo

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  If it's okay, I'll take that on and then maybe anyone else might want to follow up. It's a great question and one that needs, frankly, more understanding. We know that actually the surveillance in the province is primarily being conducted by Chinese companies and that really, in

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I would assume that your pension fund has social and environmental screens that it uses when it invests, and if so it would seem to me that if they took those seriously, it would have implications for those kinds of investments and that would be an opportunity to try to act. I a

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  A fairly soft approach is to require reporting on how they conduct the due diligence on their supply chains, how they report that, what was it, and did they find linkages to Xinjiang. There could be just a pure transparency requirement, and that alone may have an influence, becau

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I'm happy to start. There was an important report by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, or ASPI, that went into this in some detail. I mentioned earlier these programs around pairing, the pairing program where the mainland companies are paired up with different parts o

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Our interviews were focused primarily on the issues around forced labour, but we did get a sense of the larger picture. We also talked to them about some of the conditions of detainment. The people we talked to were just ordinary people. They weren't all Uighur. They were from di

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Yes, I'm happy to do that. What we know about poverty alleviation is taken mostly from public documents, but a little bit is based on our interviews as well. It's a program which, on its face, sounds quite benign, but it's the idea of, with all of these minorities who are backw

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I believe that Adrian Zenz, who may have testified for you already, has written more about this. One of the really key concerns is that all these children are being left with no caretakers, because villages apparently in some areas are almost empty. There's no one to watch them

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  It's certainly possible to identify companies that are involved in that supply chain. It just takes research. Again, I don't know what the quality of your import data is. For me, I can look quite easily; I just pay a little money and I get access to a commercial database that sho

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  To really understand this and understand what the risks are, you ideally would not only be looking at direct exports into Canada, or imports into Canada from Xinjiang, but also the indirect implications on your supply chains. That's the harder part. In my experience, what you n

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  At a high level, the difference is that crimes against humanity involve a widespread and concerted attack against the civilian population, but it might not be based on, let's say, their identity as a group. In the case of genocide, there's the fact that you are trying to destro