Natural Resources committee  There are many different ways to store hydrogen. You can store it in tanks under pressure. You can store it underground in salt caverns, which is happening in the U.S. You can convert it into another product such as ammonia, and you can transport it long distances. You lose about

Natural Resources committee  You simply can't repurpose a natural gas or oil pipeline into hydrogen without re-sleeving it and doing a number of other retrofits. It's not easy, and it will be a while before that technology scales up to a point where it's cost-effective. Having said that, if hydrogen is used

Natural Resources committee  Right now, it's 20%.

Natural Resources committee  Maximum.

Natural Resources committee  Well, depending on the age of the pipeline and depending on the equipment at the end that's going to be burning the fuel, you could have domestic or commercial equipment that could use greater than 20% hydrogen in the gas supply.

Natural Resources committee  I gave the example of Western Australia looking to scale up over the next decade. It has, much like the southwest U.S., tremendous solar opportunities and wind opportunities. We may not have those in Canada. Canada's scale-up of hydrogen is likely going to be stepped, and it wil

Natural Resources committee  No, it takes many years to scale up.

Natural Resources committee  Thanks for the question. If hydrogen become more favourable as a technology for medium and heavy-duty vehicles than batteries, then a huge scale-up is going to be required nationwide. Right now, batteries are winning the battle on light-duty vehicles. Batteries are winning the

Natural Resources committee  Absolutely, and the additional challenge is that Canada has globally the cheapest electricity rates in the G7. Again, that's another tick against hydrogen as a transportation fuel for Canada. It may make sense for hydrogen buses in China and other countries, but it will be more

Natural Resources committee  Yes, maybe. I would look at Canada, particularly in the battery medium, heavy-duty vehicle space. We're doing quite well. Lion Electric has an order for 2,400 trucks from Amazon. GM is going to be building vans at its plant in Ontario. We have the metals and minerals to supply

Natural Resources committee  It's a good question. We would need to build out a new hydrogen transportation infrastructure if we were to scale up two- or threefold at least. Right now, you can transport hydrogen in trucks at 250 to 500 bar up to 10,000 psi, but it's not all that cost-effective. I think that

Natural Resources committee  Mr. Chair, do I have time to respond?

Natural Resources committee  I can follow up later.

Natural Resources committee  I would agree that if we are going to produce oil and continue to produce it in decades to come, EOR is one of the most efficient ways to do it. It's certainly much more efficient than oil sands mining and the refining that comes along with that. Again, we can get into a furthe

Natural Resources committee  Absolutely. We're at the beginning of a journey around hydrogen. The infrastructure and the assets that you build today, whether it's road, rail, pipelines or processing, even though it may be specific to blue hydrogen now, it may transition to green hydrogen later, and it may pr