Natural Resources committee  Could you repeat the question, please?

Natural Resources committee  That's a very tough question. We know the cost is diminishing—the cost of production, the cost of hydrogen, and so on. Nobody knows exactly when. Consultants claim it will be by 2030, but we'll have to wait and see. If I may add, there was a survey in 1975 claiming that 10% of

Natural Resources committee  Yes, there are already drayage projects in Los Angeles, where both battery electric trucks and hydrogen trucks are in use as experiments. In terms of marine use, there are ferries that run on hydrogen. They are built in Norway. This I see as a future. When you talk about export

Natural Resources committee  I think the government can help, since hydrogen is a risky investment. I am thinking of the high–frequency train, for example, which will be pulled by a locomotive using diesel fuel, while in Europe, they are moving toward hydrogen trains. The same thing is happening in the Toron

Natural Resources committee  A distinction must be made. In terms of emissions from vehicle operations, all vehicles with an electric engine are zero emission. In terms of the source of energy, in Quebec, hydrogen is produced using electricity—the green hydrogen we are familiar with. When the hydrogen is b

Natural Resources committee  Thanks. I don't run gas stations, but there is one in Quebec. It's operated by a distributor called Harnois Énergies. In terms of cost efficiency, it's a very expensive investment. The only reason they did it was that there were partners who actually invested and helped reduce n

Natural Resources committee  In the trucking industry, efforts have been made in that area. Although natural gas helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is not a zero-emission technology. So it does not help reach that goal. What is more, as far as I understand the trucking industry's experience, natural g

Natural Resources committee  Like the other witnesses, I think emphasis should be placed on heavy trucks over the short term. That is sort of my favourite subject. I can volunteer to carry out a prefeasibility study. It is very well to say that focus will be placed on heavy trucks, but how can that be done?

Natural Resources committee  Okay. We expect the costs to drop quickly. It is also possible to convert passenger trains to hydrogen. There are several projects of that kind, including in Germany and in France. Hydrogen can also be used for other purposes—for example, forklifts, industrial applications or

Natural Resources committee  Okay. Governments should develop a roadmap and encourage initiatives involving hydrogen. It must be said that, in countries that are successfully using hydrogen, governments are involved. We also recommend stimulating research and development. Incentives for purchasing hydrogen

Natural Resources committee  That is what I have to say. Sorry.

Natural Resources committee  Thank you, Mr. Chair. Respected committee members, thank you for the invitation. I am happy to be joining you today to share the results of my research on hydrogen's potential. I am a professor of operations and transportation management. I am not a chemist or an expert on hydr