Transport committee  Okay. In terms of countering ransomware, we did put forth a ransomware campaign in December, which was started by a joint open letter from four different ministers, as well as a ransomware playbook and a ransomware threat bulletin to help equip critical infrastructure and Canadi

Transport committee  I will start, Mr. Chair. In terms of the nature of attacks, we were describing ransomware. Ransomware is a threat where a threat actor will gain access to your network and then encrypt your valuable data and hold it hostage until a ransom is paid. This threat has evolved to the

Transport committee  In terms of resources, I think that might be more of a policy question. At the same point in time, one thing I would highlight is that cybersecurity is an all-of-society consideration. As mentioned earlier, there are obligations on the providers themselves, as well as on govern

Transport committee  No. We've worked our way through different sectors, but unfortunately, we do not have the specific threat assessments for those two sectors. We have done some on threats to operational technologies in ICS, which we believe are relevant. The transportation sector is a combination

Transport committee  Sure. Going back to the 2020 cyber-threat assessment as well, we mentioned that nation-states had been developing capabilities to disrupt critical infrastructure. We knew they had been doing reconnaissance in countries like Canada. We did say in that 2020 cyber-threat assessmen

Transport committee  At this point we have not seen an increase. We have knowledge of the cyber-threats happening, but they are threats we would have already forecasted.

Transport committee  NotPetya was attributed to Russia. That answers an earlier question as well in case we're aware of these. In terms of the vulnerability, I would turn that over to my Public Safety counterpart. We helped them develop the tool, but really the assessments, knowledge and informatio

Transport committee  Yes, I lost connectivity for a bit. I'm not sure everyone else did as well.

Transport committee  I'll mention two things. Within that report we mentioned the greatest long-term strategic threat to Canada as being the state-sponsored activity, which is typically things that work against economic prosperity, national security, as well as our democratic values. When you lump

Transport committee  I'm not aware of the port activity that you talked about.

Transport committee  Transportation infrastructure is fairly broad. I would have to dig into my memory there to see exactly what has happened.

Transport committee  Cyber-attacks can originate from anywhere in the world. Wherever they originate from doesn't necessarily represent where they're coming from. Threat actors are always trying to hide where they're coming from. From our cyber-threat assessments in 2018 and 2020, we talked about th

Transport committee  I don't know if there's a real assessment as to which country is the best. I know that in terms of the Government of Canada, we have a fairly significant cyber-defence program. It has been modelled in other parts of the world. We have divested technologies from Canada to other co

Transport committee  I think across the Government of Canada, yes.

Transport committee  It depends on the assessment. If it's serious, it can happen within an hour of understanding it—