Science and Research committee  It's really a combination of all of those things. We talked about the challenges of the granting councils. They are organized around disciplinary boundaries. Within each granting council, they have review panels which are usually organized around very specific disciplines. I'll give you an example.

Science and Research committee  Yes. Critically, regarding the stability of the funding, and Dr. Pomeroy referred to this, we have different cycles of programs that lead to people having to constantly reinvent themselves. As we develop strategies such as the pan-Canadian AI strategy, the new quantum strategy, and with genomics we have Genome Canada, we need to ensure that the things we invest in have stable, continuous funding.

Science and Research committee  Certainly on the science and research side, building on Dr. Patry's point, we need more investment by the private sector to hire those people. The reason those people go is they can get jobs in other countries in the disciplines they've been trained in. In recent years, we have had shifting.

Science and Research committee  Thank you. It's wonderful to see this House of Commons committee being established. Congratulations to all of you on your appointments. Thanks for the opportunity to appear this evening. I'm a public health physician researcher, and prior to my current appointment, I spent a year directly working on the pandemic research response.