Environment committee  There are some. I would say that they're not major oil producers, but they are oil-producing countries. They have attempted to remove fossil fuel subsidies; unfortunately, they were not always successful. They made several attempts, but timing is important. When the energy pric

Environment committee  I'm sorry. Could you repeat the essence of the question?

Environment committee  I cannot speak based on any study that shows the correlation. I would say that if you look at the indices across countries, for instance, we see that many countries included removing fossil fuel subsidies as part of their action points to meet their climate change goals and commi

Environment committee  Sure.

Environment committee  Globally, I mentioned that between 2015 and 2020, there were 53 countries that reformed their fossil fuel subsidies. Some were very successful and some were not very successful, but there were a lot of lessons learned about how to design them better without having too much impact

Environment committee  If I may clarify, when I was talking about the lives that were lost, I was talking in the context of air pollution. There are a lot of hidden costs associated with fossil fuels, and then the fossil fuel subsidies, which are not very well known, and this was based on the study don

Environment committee  Yes, of course. It was adopted in 2019. There is an inter-agency export group under the UN statistical division, which basically represents all countries by regional representative. They provide the guidance on how the SDG will be measured, which will be reported in the UN Secre

Environment committee  They are aware of that. I think the G20 track is a bit unique, if you like, in that they have a peer review process that actually started before the last [Technical Difficulty—Editor] was adopted. The methodology report is available. I shared the link, but, unfortunately, it is

Environment committee  Thank you very much for the question. I do understand that there has been a difference of opinion among countries, at least within the G20, about the definition of “inefficient subsidies”. If you look at the latest review done by Italy, for instance, where there actually have be

Environment committee  Let me just clarify that, because you were actually questioning about the G20, and I just mentioned the difference of opinion within the G20 context. However, as UNEP, which is custodian of the SDG indicator, which is supposed to, as a mandate that actually was agreed upon by the

Environment committee  Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. As a UN technical expert, I would speak on this topic in a global context. In 2020 globally governments spent $423 billion U.S. subsidizing fossil fuel production and consumption. To put this in perspective, when tracking public spending of 87 c