Agriculture committee  The last phosphate mine in Canada closed quite a few years ago in Kapuskasing, Ontario. I'm not aware of any other economically feasible deposit in Canada. There are limitations. Phosphate, like potash, depends on the availability of the deposits—

Agriculture committee  Will do.

Agriculture committee  Sure. I would note that the committee could reference the recent discussion paper from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada on its emission reduction plan for fertilizer. I think in the plan you'll note that there are 26 different references to 4R nutrient stewardship, and so we grea

Agriculture committee  Canada has very stringent regulations on the presence of cadmium in fertilizer. I believe that the imports of phosphate fertilizer from Morocco meet the Canadian standard, which has been well established and there's a great deal of confidence in it. The EU has a different kind of

Agriculture committee  I'm not sure I have the details on that agreement. We have a number of different agreements with the provinces. Karen, do you have details on that?

Agriculture committee  That's great. We have memorandums of understanding with a number of provinces, including Ontario, to work with their departments of agriculture and environment and with grower groups to advance the 4R nutrient stewardship program. A lot of the work in Ontario has been to reduce

Agriculture committee  The amount of fertilizer used in Canada tends to be based on the yields that growers are trying to achieve. Improving the efficiency of fertilizer generally tends to lead to higher yields, but not necessarily a reduction in actual fertilizer use. What we would like to see and w

Agriculture committee  The 4R program has gone through extensive scientific evaluation by major Canadian universities, and in some cases government researchers, to show the benefits. Certainly, we've demonstrated reductions in nitrous oxide emissions from fertilizer use, losses of phosphorus to water a

Agriculture committee  If there were a 35% tariff that applied to Russian fertilizer, with any imports coming to Canada, the farmers would be paying...or if the supply chain, however it were impacted.... It would mean a 35% higher price in Canada than in other areas. However, it would depend on—

Agriculture committee  I haven't personally seen it. I don't know if it's gone through other staff to our members yet.

Agriculture committee  I'm not so sure about the Netherlands being a major exporter of fertilizer. We would probably get more from places like Morocco, the Middle East and places like that. I think we could try to get you some cost comparisons. I think one thing that has been a damper on investment, p

Agriculture committee  Every year, planting around the world is a very important thing, and I think we're starting to realize that. It's not just one year that it's critically important, it's every year. But I understand what you're saying about the current situation. I'll make just one clarification.

Agriculture committee  Sure. First of all, I think the difficulty for our members really relates to February 24 and then the sanctions, particularly the 35% sanction that came in March 3. Before that, the market was operating and we were not facing difficulties, but when the war started and the sancti

Agriculture committee  Thanks, Karen. Fertilizer markets are driven globally by supply and demand. The demand comes from growers around the world who buy the products. Fundamentally, underpinning the market for a while has been a decline in global grain stocks, grains and oilseeds. The stocks of tho

Agriculture committee  This has been a challenging year. I don't have the exact status, except that I think, generally, agriculture is increasing its yields. The key thing we have to do—we've had the discussion about biodiversity—is sustainable intensification. We can't really produce.... All of the g