Industry committee  Yes, that's right. We know that they've been storing messages for decades because they've known since 1995 that this is possible. It's just a matter of time.

Industry committee  I know that people are thinking about it, but I know that there's almost zero sense of urgency. I think that's a mistake.

Industry committee  Thank you. I think a lot of large organizations are wary of adopting standards that haven't been stress tested. NIST is coming through with a recommendation for post-quantum cryptography. It's rumoured that this will be coming through in the next few weeks or perhaps months.

Industry committee  Yes. The national quantum strategy just invested a third of the strategy into training, essentially. Why don't we have these quantum computers procured for that training purpose? Why are we not buying.... We are building fledgling airplanes, right? Yes, they don't cross the ocean

Industry committee  No. The way encryption works right now is that there's an asymmetric layer and a symmetric layer. Everybody needs that asymmetric layer for the symmetric part to work. That's every communication we have on the Internet. It's the SWIFT banking system. It's how you send communica

Industry committee  I don't think there's anything we can do, using RSA, to protect the communications that are being stored right now by adversarial nations. All of that information is going to be openable to adversarial governments if they've stored it, and I know they have. There's really nothing

Industry committee  The flavour of how that group of people is formed is very important. If it is simply a part-time job, staffed by people who have skin in the game, there is going to be squabbling over more funding for their own particular version of quantum and their own particular flavour. The

Industry committee  What I would say is that SR and ED takes this role and, if anything, there should be a quantum addition. It's phenomenal. It's absolutely how we can help to compete, but the only way we can ever match those kinds of salaries is for these companies to be able to raise that kind of

Industry committee  They have different funding mechanisms, so they're not so desperate. They have more funding by far. They have more research funding, so they're not so desperate. At the same time, yes, I am aware that this is how the IP tends to go. That's what this tech translation office is. Th

Industry committee  Is that question directed to me?

Industry committee  I think we need to have some kind of Manhattan-style project, or something similar, that concentrates focus and collaboration on what looks like a dominant design through prize or DARPA-like projects. People do mobilize. There's an array of programs that could be adopted. We don'

Industry committee  Yes, sir. RSA is everywhere. It's medical records. It's every classical communication that is still.... The biggest risk actually is that people are storing communications right now for the near term, but quantum computers will be able to go back and retroactively read them all.

Industry committee  The business model for universities is undergoing a dramatic shift, and this speaks to some of the research funding that's happened recently. The Canadian research system is fantastic. The NSERC system and the tri-council agencies are truly fantastic, but they need about 10 times

Industry committee  Yes. Thank you very much. Once the dominant design emerges, it's only a matter of time. I would say it's the kind of situation where if we get there first, that's great. We're not going to be the ones to use it adversarially, but the information will be out there. It is of es

Industry committee  The Chinese, I think, if they're not the winners, they will follow along within two years. I think the Russians have their own effort. They would be further behind, but I think they would work with organizations to get up to speed. As I said, they have some critical infrastructur