National Defence committee  I think the side of good pays better than the side of evil, so I would say there is an edge for white-hat hackers.

National Defence committee  Well, just on top of that, I would say that cybersecurity is not only about protecting systems but also about protecting the information that resides on those systems and helping the people using those systems adopt the behaviours that will actually strengthen the whole architect

National Defence committee  Maybe the government could be offering tax deductions to cover those bounties. Maybe that would help those organizations take these bounties more seriously. Or, as well, it could regulate this area of activity.

National Defence committee  The Canadian government has launched a new research security program to try to help, or to force or compel, universities to better protect their intellectual property and raise their awareness. I think that's an excellent initiative to try to counter the leakage of Canadian IP.

National Defence committee  Another great example is the CCTX—the Canadian Cyber Threat Exchange—which brings together 150 Canadian companies. It provides them with threat intelligence from the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, but the private sector also blends all of these [Technical difficulty—Editor]

National Defence committee  Do you want me to repeat the last few sentences?

National Defence committee  It might have been Chinese. I was just saying that the Canadian government needs to keep thinking a lot more about how to help SMBs—small and medium-sized businesses—because they employ 95% of the Canadian workforce and provide a lot of services and some of the critical function

National Defence committee  I'll go first. Their role makes the work of government agencies even more complex. It becomes very hard to know who is doing what in this new environment where anyone can call themselves a hacker to answer the call for help, with very good intentions, I don't deny that. The risk

National Defence committee  I'm not aware of legislation being brought forward. I'm sure those technologies would be regulated by public health and pharmaceutical regulatory frameworks.

National Defence committee  I think the needs are still very acute. The types of profiles we need are pretty much the same. We need technically trained people. They are in very high demand, not only from the private sector in cybersecurity but from other sectors in AI development and video games. All the IT

National Defence committee  When I talk about digital sovereignty, I'm talking about Canada developing its own businesses and capacity so that it can produce Canadian technologies and services in response to strategically important technological needs. This means helping to build Canadian companies and indu

National Defence committee  That's right.

National Defence committee  Yes, the same skills are required to carry out the same type of analysis in determining the appropriate response. The only exception is that, in cases involving ransom, negotiating skills can come into play, but more in the private sector.

National Defence committee  When I was talking about a neural interface, it's a new brand of technology trying to connect human brains to machines in order to communicate faster between those two components. For example, Elon Musk is investing a lot of money in a company called Neuralink, which is trying to

National Defence committee  That is one of the examples. It is one of the early use cases, but the applications will be much broader than that.