Government Operations committee  I'll be responding. You have to remember that the ArriveCAN app was merely a tool to operationalize the OICs. The OICs were the meat of the Canadian response. It was a multi-layered approach to protecting Canadians' health, as well as our health care system. From our perspective, based on a number of assessments, the OICs that were operationalized by ArriveCAN have obviously contributed to protecting the health and safety of our population.

Government Operations committee  It's fair to say it operationalized the multi-layered approach, yes.

Government Operations committee  I'll take that question, but I'll turn to Chris to provide additional information. In terms of the apps that are developed on behalf of PHAC, such as the ArriveCAN app, the investment, as the president of the CBSA has indicated, is $54 million. With respect to the other apps that were developed, those were predominantly led by Health Canada; therefore, we cannot speak to the cost of those apps.

Government Operations committee  I'll take that question. “OIC” stands for “order in council”. It was the instrument that was used to put in place the proper authorities or requirements for the public health measures.

Government Operations committee  That's correct.

Government Operations committee  Yes, it was 70 packages.

Government Operations committee  I can speak to some of the requirements that changed over the course of the pandemic. I believe it was in April of this year that the government decided to implement a vaccine-differentiated border. By that I mean that those individuals who were vaccinated and double-dosed were accorded certain benefits by being vaccinated, once it was proven that vaccination was an effective mechanism to protect individuals.