Science and Research committee  Thank you for this great invitation. We'll certainly follow up with the provision of the information on the studies on bird mortality and the different sources of that. Those papers are out there. You're right that they tend to be more professional science research papers, rather than citizen science projects assessing bird mortality, but those studies are there, including our own studies on this.

Science and Research committee  We don't have rolled-up numbers on this, but we have some sense for specific programs. For instance, within CABIN, we've prepared a bit on this. I might actually turn quickly to Arash Shahsavarani to speak on the financial commitments within the CABIN program, and then we'll go to Aura, with CWS, to speak a bit to finances there.

Science and Research committee  There's certainly a lot of global literature on this and various assessments, including the biodiversity assessment reports. I don't know, in terms of mortality in Canada versus other countries if that's something that anyone—maybe Jennifer—can speak to, or if this is something we should return to you.

Science and Research committee  In a sense it is embedded already in that we're using a lot of citizen science through both our own programs that we coordinate and through relatively formal partnerships right through to places where we're data mining but also feeding back on protocols. I think it's a place where there are a lot of horizons that are probably worth thinking about hard in terms of going forward.

Science and Research committee  I'll have a couple of opening comments, and then I'll pass it on to Jennifer for input on this as well. This is something that's very important to respect. In general, where we have indigenous partnerships, they do own the data. It's not going to be in our databases or publicly available except with their explicit, active ongoing permission.

Science and Research committee  I know we're working on analyses of bird mortality with colleagues in universities. I might turn it back to you again, Jennifer, to fill in a little bit on some of those partnerships.

Science and Research committee  Yes, I'm just trying behind the scenes to see whether Aura or Jennifer would be best positioned to address that. All of our science is international. We're working with colleagues on issues like wind turbine mortality. As an international science community, I don't know if there are specific partnerships that either Jennifer or Aura can speak to, or if we will need to get back with a written response.

Science and Research committee  Thank you. It's a good question. It is separately categorized and there is work to break out wind turbine versus building versus cat versus maybe the more indirect effects of climate change and habitat change.

Science and Research committee  Thanks for the question. You're absolutely right. Northern Canada is the place where we very much need indigenous guardians and citizen science to expand our observational capabilities. I might turn to my colleague Jennifer Provencher, who can speak more specifically to those three programs.

Science and Research committee  Thank you for that. This is a great question. To my knowledge, we don't have a formal call for citizen science proposals, but when people approach us or when we're working with our partners.... For instance, if a university research project or Birds Canada is proposing a citizen science component, we will definitely listen and—

Science and Research committee  There are vehicles for this, but I see that Aura Pantieras and the Canadian Wildlife Service has a contribution to support on this question.

Science and Research committee  Thank you for this question. Perhaps I could take a moment to thank you for your long-term work and investment in this. It's been valuable. I believe this is a good question to turn to my colleague, Aura, to comment on.

Science and Research committee  Thank you for this question. I cannot speak to the program you mentioned, so I'm speculating here. My guess is that this is a program run by an NGO, which is probably in the English parts of Canada and does not have that federal bilingual mandate. Anything that flows or is run by Environment and Climate Change Canada—

Science and Research committee  That's again a matter of opinion. That would be my personal opinion and not representative of the department.

Science and Research committee  Again, as an adviser, I think it's clear that any of our own programs, anything run by a Government of Canada department, would be in both official languages. However, we don't have the purview or authority to advise external NGOs on their communications.